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. 2019 Oct 1;9:14051. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50452-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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M2 muscarinic receptors modulate active CPG networks and motoneuron firing during drug-induced locomotion. (a) Schematics of ventral root and individual motoneuron recordings from intact spinal cords and (b) single cell recordings from isolated spinal cord slices. (c) Raw (top) and integrated/rectified (bottom) ventral root recordings with (d) averaged time course plots and (e) box-plots of pooled data illustrating the effects of methoctramine on the frequency, duration and amplitude of drug-induced locomotor output (n = 14). (f) Motoneuron firing (top) and simultaneous raw (middle) and integrated/rectified (bottom) ventral root recordings during drug-induced locomotor output. (g) Motoneuron firing frequencies plotted for all motoneurons tested showing the effects of methoctramine during drug induced locomotor activity (n = 17). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.