Table 2.

Relative regression residuals (R values) for Thai plant families in each of seven regions in Thailand as defined by Phumthum & Balslev (2018).

Family	C	E	N	NE	P	SE	SW
Acanthaceae	0.58*	1.13*	1.44	0.81*	0.40	2.64*	1.30*
Achariaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−0.27
Amaranthaceae	2.02*	0.79*	0.89*	1.45*	1.08*	1.41*	0.74*
Amaryllidaceae	−0.47	−0.53	−0.09	1.03*	−0.28	0.23	1.41*
Anacardiaceae	0.43	0.02	0.52*	1.37*	0.12	−1.00	1.76*
Annonaceae	−0.40	2.66*	−0.10	1.33	2.42*	2.72*	0.32
Apiaceae	0.04	−0.51	0.08	0.05	1.48*	−1.00	−0.37
Apocynaceae	2.40*	2.82*	0.80*	1.22*	1.37*	2.75*	1.07*
Araceae	−0.02	−0.38	0.03	0.01	0.43	−0.33	0.35
Araliaceae	−0.57	−0.31	0.7*	−0.60	0.32	1.13*	0.39
Arecaceae	−1.07	−0.56	−0.51	−0.24	0.53*	0.91*	−0.79
Aristolochiaceae	−0.45	−0.49	−0.72	−1.00	−0.49	0.27	−1.00
Asparagaceae	−0.13	0.17	0.6*	−0.30	−0.01	0.97*	0.61
Aspleniaceae	−0.51	−1.00	−0.88	−1.00	−0.78	−1.00	−1.00
Asteraceae	1.86*	−0.18	2.07*	0.7*	0.78*	0.82*	2.00*
Athyriaceae	−0.50	−1.00	−0.88	−1.00	−0.78	−1.00	−0.46
Balsaminaceae	−0.59	−1.00	−0.80	−0.62	−0.64	−1.00	−1.00
Begoniaceae	−0.51	−0.59	−0.88	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Bignoniaceae	−0.01	0.22	0.40	−0.09	−0.36	0.16	1.68*
Boraginaceae	−0.47	0.42	−0.34	−0.49	−0.52	−1.00	−0.39
Brassicaceae	0.08	−1.00	−0.85	−0.40	−0.72	−1.00	−0.28
Burseraceae	0.04	−1.00	−0.47	−0.48	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Cactaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−0.72	−1.00	−1.00
Campanulaceae	−0.44	−1.00	−0.44	−0.45	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Capparaceae	0.51*	0.31	−0.01	0.44	−0.32	2.59*	−0.43
Celastraceae	−0.55	0.79*	−0.36	1.06*	−0.03	0.09	−0.52
Clusiaceae	−0.03	−1.00	−0.66	−0.57	0.64*	0.13	−1.00
Combretaceae	1.53*	1.34*	0.83*	2.04*	0.20	1.46*	1.41*
Commelinaceae	0.50*	−0.59	0.19	−0.54	−0.56	−1.00	0.63*
Connaraceae	−0.42	0.68*	−0.40	0.16	0.91*	−1.00	−1.00
Convolvulaceae	1.26*	−0.06	−0.18	−0.42	−0.04	−0.13	−0.01
Crassulaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.37	−1.00	−0.71	−1.00	−1.00
Cucurbitaceae	0.98*	0.19	1.76*	−0.10	0.06	0.15	2.16*
Cycadaceae	−0.42	−1.00	−0.40	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Cyperaceae	−1.19	−0.74	−0.65	−0.49	−0.44	−1.00	−1.00
Davalliaceae	−0.43	−1.00	−0.71	−0.44	−0.47	−1.00	−1.00
Dennstaedtiaceae	−0.43	−1.00	−0.57	−0.44	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Dilleniaceae	−0.42	0.70*	−0.40	0.75*	0.65*	0.33	−1.00
Dioscoreaceae	0.00	−0.58	−0.15	−0.06	−0.11	0.18	0.11
Dipterocarpaceae	−0.59	−0.03	−0.51	1.28*	−0.64	0.04	−0.12
Dryopteridaceae	−0.58	−1.00	−0.90	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Ebenaceae	0.93*	1.72*	0.22	0.58*	−0.25	0.06	0.8*
Elaeocarpaceae	−0.44	0.03	−0.86	−1.00	−0.49	−1.00	−1.00
Ericaceae	−0.50	−1.00	−0.88	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Euphorbiaceae	2.40*	1.55*	1.23*	1.78*	1.54*	3.37*	1.0*
Fagaceae	−0.76	−1.00	−0.71	−0.72	−0.74	−1.00	−1.00
Gelsemiaceae	−2.07	−1.00	−0.98	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Gentianaceae	−0.50	−0.58	−0.64	−1.00	−0.56	−1.00	−1.00
Gesneriaceae	−0.87	−0.62	−0.81	−1.00	−0.77	−1.00	−1.00
Gleicheniaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.84	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Hypericaceae	−0.41	0.77*	−0.53	−0.40	−0.72	−1.00	−0.27
Icacinaceae	−0.42	−1.00	−0.85	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Lamiaceae	1.38*	0.24	1.74*	1.54*	1.74*	2.68*	2.24*
Lauraceae	−0.74	−0.29	0.05	0.76*	0.66*	−0.13	−1.00
Lecythidaceae	0.56*	0.07	−0.86	−0.44	−0.21	−1.00	−1.00
Leguminosae	6.93*	2.27*	2.47*	2.55*	1.30*	1.49*	2.60*
Linderniaceae	0.00	−1.00	−0.15	−0.53	−0.33	−1.00	−0.45
Lindsaeaceae	−0.45	−1.00	−0.86	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Loganiaceae	0.06	0.59*	−0.43	0.11	−1.00	0.29	−1.00
Loranthaceae	0.02	−0.54	−0.49	−1.00	−0.29	0.22	−1.00
Lycopodiaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−0.43	−1.00	−1.00
Lythraceae	−0.48	−0.10	0.02	−0.01	−0.07	−1.00	0.76*
Magnoliaceae	−0.48	−1.00	−0.62	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Malpighiaceae	−0.45	−1.00	−0.59	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Malvaceae	6.07*	1.62*	1.24*	1.02*	0.80*	3.33*	1.02*
Marantaceae	0.05	−1.00	−0.44	−0.46	−0.23	−1.00	−1.00
Melastomataceae	−0.69	0.03	−0.44	−0.37	0.04	−0.08	−1.00
Meliaceae	−0.61	−0.07	0.23	−0.27	0.39	−1.00	0.28
Menispermaceae	0.48	1.39*	1.30*	1.69*	1.11*	4.73*	2.16*
Moraceae	1.16*	0.20	0.68*	0.01	0.55*	2.14*	1.28*
Musaceae	−0.42	−1.00	−0.24	0.77	−0.16	−1.00	−0.29
Myristicaceae	−0.49	−0.14	−0.63	−1.00	0.13	0.19	−1.00
Myrtaceae	−0.76	−0.10	−0.35	−0.44	0.19	−1.00	−0.36
Nepenthaceae	−0.42	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−0.44	−1.00	−1.00
Nephrolepidaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Oleaceae	0.38	0.51*	−0.36	−1.00	−0.15	0.00	−1.00
Orchidaceae	−3.89	−0.72	−0.86	−0.95	−0.77	−1.00	−0.79
Orobanchaceae	−0.44	−0.48	−0.72	−0.45	−0.74	−1.00	−1.00
Oxalidaceae	1.09*	−1.00	0.09	−1.00	−0.43	−1.00	−1.00
Pandanaceae	−0.46	−0.52	−0.73	−0.48	0.47	0.25	−0.38
Passifloraceae	0.07	−0.45	−0.70	−1.00	−0.46	−1.00	0.38
Phyllanthaceae	2.55*	1.73*	1.25*	1.19*	1.90*	0.42	0.97
Piperaceae	−0.03	−1.00	0.23	0.30	0.44	2.37*	1.54*
Plantaginaceae	−0.03	−0.23	−0.66	−0.56	−0.17	0.13	−0.49
Poaceae	−2.05	−0.66	−0.03	0.23	−0.15	−1.00	−0.48
Polygalaceae	0.04	0.47	−0.46	−1.00	−0.50	−1.00	−1.00
Polygonaceae	0.52*	−1.00	0.9*	0.48	−0.07	−1.00	−1.00
Polypodiaceae	−0.79	−0.78	−0.37	−0.46	−0.10	−1.00	−0.69
Primulaceae	−0.24	−0.30	0.26	−0.14	−0.05	−0.14	−0.67
Proteaceae	−0.42	−0.43	−0.70	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−0.29
Pteridaceae	−0.69	−1.00	−0.60	−1.00	−0.41	−1.00	−1.00
Putranjivaceae	−0.43	−1.00	−1.00	−0.43	−1.00	−1.00	−0.31
Ranunculaceae	−0.44	−1.00	0.70*	−1.00	−0.74	−1.00	−1.00
Rhamnaceae	0.58*	−0.43	0.66*	1.92*	−0.72	0.33	−0.29
Rhizophoraceae	−0.43	−0.46	−1.00	−0.43	−0.46	0.31	−1.00
Rosaceae	−0.56	−0.65	0.25	−0.19	−0.62	−1.00	−1.00
Rubiaceae	1.79*	1.62*	0.74*	0.8*	1.34*	1.54*	0.14
Rutaceae	−0.58	3.61*	1.27*	2.08*	1.18*	6.32*	3.91*
Salicaceae	−0.49	−0.13	−0.26	0.44	−0.77	−1.00	−0.43
Santalaceae	−0.42	−0.44	−0.70	−0.42	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Sapindaceae	2.48*	0.18	0.03	1.66*	0.68*	2.42*	1.09*
Sapotaceae	−0.52	−1.00	−0.55	−0.56	−0.38	−1.00	−0.48
Selaginellaceae	−0.44	−1.00	−0.57	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Smilacaceae	−0.47	−0.07	0.04	−1.00	−0.04	0.23	−1.00
Solanaceae	0.47	−0.23	1.03*	2.06*	0.86*	0.13	4.13*
Stemonaceae	−0.42	−0.43	−0.40	−0.42	−0.45	−1.00	−0.29
Styracaceae	−0.41	−0.40	−0.69	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Symplocaceae	−0.43	−0.46	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Tectariaceae	−0.42	−1.00	−0.70	−1.00	−1.00	0.33	−0.29
Theaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00
Thymelaeaceae	−0.42	−0.42	−1.00	0.79*	0.41	0.34	−0.28
Urticaceae	0.38	−1.00	0.47	−1.00	−0.66	0.00	−0.59
Verbenaceae	0.58*	−1.00	−0.54	−0.41	0.11	0.34	0.43
Violaceae	−0.41	−1.00	−0.69	−1.00	−1.00	−1.00	−0.26
Vitaceae	−0.06	2.87*	0.67*	0.22	0.54*	−1.00	0.42
Zingiberaceae	−0.80	0.73*	0.61*	0.99*	1.03*	−0.46	1.73*

C, central; E, eastern; N, northern; NE, northeastern; P, peninsula; SE, southeastern and SW,southwestern. A “*” indicates that the family was estimated as MIMF using this method.