Figure 2.
Left, a: Maximum axial push force for four push methods and two handle materials (Mean ± SE). The preferred method was associated with an inward torque that was 17% of the maximum value. Right, b: The efficiency of normal force generation as the ratio of normal force to FDP EMG for the four push methods (Mean ± SE). (Outward: push with a deliberate outward torque, Straight: the straight method with no torque as possible, Preferred: the preferred method, Inward: push with a deliberate inward torque. Pushes with 30%, 50%, 80%, and comfortable inward/outward torques are pooled. Data are pooled from 6 males and 6 females.)