Table 2.
Body composition and physical fitness
| AIT (n = 26) | LED + AIT (n = 29) | Between-group 1 yeara | p | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Change baseline to 1 year | p | Change 12 weeks to 1 year | p | Baseline | Change baseline to 1 year | p | Change 12 weeks to 1 year | p | |||
| Body composition | ||||||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 96.2 (13.8) | − 1.7 (− 0.7; − 2.6) | < 0.001 | − 0.4 (− 1.4; 0.6) | 0.406 | 95.6 (10.7) | − 7.2 (− 8.4; − 6.1) | < 0.0 01 | 2.5 (1.3; 3.6) | < 0.001 | 5.6 (4.1; 7.1) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 32.1 (3.2) | − 0.6 (− 0.9; − 0.2) | 0.001 | − 0.1 (− 0.5; 0.2) | 0.408 | 32.2 (3.1) | − 2.5 (− 2.9; − 2.1) | < 0.001 | 0.8 (0.4; 1.2) | < 0.001 | 1.90 (1.37; 2.42) | < 0.001 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 32.6 (7.6) | − 1.9 (− 2.8; − 1.0) | < 0.001 | − 0.3 (− 1.2; 0,5) | 0.448 | 34.6 (8.0) | − 6.6 (− 7.7; − 5.5) | < 0.001 | 1.9 (0.8; 3.1) | < 0.001 | 4.7 (3.2; 6.2) | < 0.001 |
| Body fat % | 34.6 (6.5) | − 1.5 (− 2.4; − 0.7) | < 0.001 | 0.2 (− 1.0; 0.6) | 0.618 | 36.7 (6.8) | − 4.7 (− 5.8; − 3.7) | < 0.001 | 1.6 (0.5; 2.7) | 0.003 | 3.2 (1.8; 4.6) | < 0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 62.9 (9.9) | 0.2 (− 0.5; 0.9) | 0.564 | − 0.3 (− 0.9; 0.4) | 0.430 | 60.4 (8.8) | − 0.5 (− 1.1; 0.02) | 0.060 | 0.3 (− 0.2; 0.9) | 0.240 | 0.7 (− 0.1; 1.6) | 0.096 |
| Waist (cm) | 109.9 (9.5) | − 3.3 (− 5.1; − 1.5) | < 0.001 | − 0.4 (− 2.2; 1.4) | 0.696 | 107.7 (7.1) | − 6.6 (− 8.6; − 4.6) | < 0.001 | 3.2 (1.2; 5.2) | 0.002 | 3.3 (0.6; 6.1) | 0.018 |
| Hip (cm) | 110.8 (8.0) | − 4.0 (− 5.1; − 2.9) | < 0.001 | − 1.7 (− 2.8; − 0.6) | 0.003 | 110.3 (7.5) | − 6.0 (− 7.4; − 4.7) | < 0.001 | 0.9 (− 0.4; 2.2) | 0.201 | 2.0 (0.3; 3.8) | 0.025 |
| Waist/hip– ratio | 0.99 (0.1) | 0.005 (− 0.01; 0.02) | 0.512 | 0.01 (− 0.003; 0.03) | 0.116 | 0.98 (0.1) | − 0.01 (− 0.03; 0.01) | 0.397 | 0.02 (0.01; 0.02) | 0.008 | 0.01 (− 0.01; 0.04) | 0.295 |
| Physical fitness | ||||||||||||
| VO2peaktotal (mL/min) | 1997 (463) | 95 (− 30; 221) | 0.135 | − 123 (− 249; 2) | 0.053 | 1981 (533) | 132 (37; 227) | 0.007 | 196 (102; 292) | < 0.001 | − 36 (− 192; 119) | 0.645 |
| VO2peakkg (mL/kg/min) | 20.8 (4.9) | 1.5 (0.2; 2.9) | 0.027 | − 1.0 (− 2.3; 0.4) | 0.150 | 20.6 (5.2) | 3.1 (2.9; 4.2) | < 0.001 | 1.5 (0.4; 2.7) | 0.007 | − 1.6 (− 3.3; 0.2) | 0.077 |
| VO2peakffm (mL/kg fat free mass0.67/min) | 124.0 (24.3) | 5.9 (− 1.9; 13.7) | 0.138 | − 7.4 (− 15.2; 0.4) | 0.065 | 125.5 (25.2) | 8.7 (2.8; 14.6) | 0.004 | 11.9 (6.0; 17.9) | < 0.001 | − 2.8 (− 12.4; 6.9) | 0.575 |
| Peak RER | 1.19 (0.08) | 0.0002 (− 0.03; 0.03) | 0.989 | 0.01 (− 0.02; 0.04) | 0.602 | 1.18 (0.09) | 0.06 (− 0.02; 0.09) | < 0.001 | 0.00001 (− 0.03; 0.03) | 0.999 | − 0.05 (− 0.1; − 0.01) | 0.018 |
| Max workload (W) | 158 (42) | 13 (2; 23) | 0.017 | − 7.6 (− 18; 3) | 0.155 | 155 (48) | 15 (9; 22) | < 0.001 | 15 (9; 22) | < 0.001 | − 2.5 (− 14.4; 9.5) | 0.687 |
| Peak heart rate | 137 (23) | 1 (− 4; 7) | 0.638 | 1 (− 6; 5) | 0.826 | 135 (22) | 9 (4; 13) | < 0.001 | 9 (− 4; 14) | < 0.001 | − 7.4 (− 14.5; − 0.3) | 0.040 |
Intention-to-treat analysis. Baseline: mean (SD) Baseline data are presented as mean (SD), within- and between-group differences are presented with 95% CI. AIT, Aerobic interval training, LED, Low energy diet, VO2peaktotal, Total peak aerobic capacity, VO2peakbw, Peak aerobic capacity corrected for body weight, VO2peakffm, Peak aerobic capacity corrected for fat free mass, CPET, Cardiopulmonary exercise test, RER, respiratory exchange ratio
aBetween-group difference at 1 year corrected for baseline difference