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. 2019 Sep 25;10:836. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00836

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Copyright © 2019 Cappelli, Damiani, Mancini, Valzano, Rossi, Serrao, Ricci and Favia

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of uninfected and P. berghei-infected blood meal on Asaia density and immune genes expression in An. gambiae. Evaluation of the fluctuations of Asaia density in mosquitoes challenged with two doses of Asaia cells: Asa4 (A) and Asa8 (B), and the related modulation of immune effector genes after an uninfected and an infected blood meal (C, D, E, F). Shown values represent the relative genes expression normalized on the reference gene RpS7 and against the calibrator represented by sugar-fed controls (relative expression of sugar-fed mosquitoes in Figure S1-B). The statistical differences between Asaia density and the expression level of genes in the groups were calculated by two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni post-hoc test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.