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(A) Normal cardiac contraction and (B) mechanism of action of various cardiac inotropic agents. AC, adenyl cyclase; AMP, adenosine monophosphate; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; CA, calcium; cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate; PDE, phosphodiesterase; LTCC, L‐type Ca2+ channels; PKA, protein kinase A; SERCA, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump.
