Table 2.
Results of Redundancy Analysis (RDA) of the early season herbivory treatments (aphid, caterpillar or no herbivory) in either year on wild perennial Brassica oleracea plants, to the herbivore and carnivore community composition within and across years. Treatments applied early in the season in 2012 and 2013 were either Brevicoryne brassicae aphids, Plutella xylostella caterpillars or no herbivory. Percentages show the % cumulative explained variation by the first two RDA axes; F‐values are pseudo‐F values of Monte Carlo Permutation test with 499 unrestricted permutations. Degrees of freedom of the explanatory variable ‘year of herbivory’ was in all cases 2; α = 0.05
| Year early herbivory | Affected community | % | F | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | Herbivores 2012 | 6.82 | 0.8 | 0.758 |
| 2012 | Carnivores 2012 | 8.94 | 1.0 | 0.422 |
| 2012 | Herbivores 2013 | 2.00 | 0.7 | 0.814 |
| 2012 | Carnivores 2013 | 6.02 | 2.1 | 0.056 |
| 2013 | Herbivores 2013 | 3.29 | 1.1 | 0.374 |
| 2013 | Carnivores 2013 | 1.40 | 0.5 | 0.828 |