Fig 1. Study design.

A. Strategy of recruitment of the study population, follow-up, and outcome analyses. Two annual measurements either of proteinuria or of serum creatinine enable definitive diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). B. Subject number having checked dipstick proteinuria and serum creatinine with various frequencies in this study population. The white bars mean all healthcheck participants, and the gray bars indicate their proportions with at least one measurement. Subjects with more than one check (ie, 2 to 7 times) represented by the black bars were recruited. C. The histograms present all healthcheck participants (black line) and the study population included in survival analyses (black filled). Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease.