Table 2. Comparison of perinatal characteristics among newborns who died versus survivors within first 7 days.
| Dead n = 124 |
Survived n = 547 |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight (grams) (IQR) | 2522 (1740–3010) | 2640 (1930–3200) | 0.07a |
| Gestational age (weeks) (IQR) | 37 (32–40) | 37 (34–40) | 0.55 a |
| Antenatal care attendance | |||
| Yes | 122 (98) | 539 (99) | |
| No | 2 (2) | 7 (1) | 0.77c |
| Antenatal complications | |||
| Yes | 6 (5) | 30 (5) | |
| No | 118 (95) | 516 (95) | 0.67b |
| FHR during labour | |||
| Normal | 92 (75) | 424 (78) | |
| Abnormal/not detected | 16 (13) | 60 (11) | |
| Not measured | 15 (12) | 62 (11) | 0.76b |
| Amniotic fluid colour | |||
| Normal | 69 (56) | 333 (61) | |
| Meconium stained | 52 (42) | 202 (37) | |
| Blood stained | 3 (2) | 12 (2) | 0.56b |
| Obstetric complication | |||
| Yes | 16 (13) | 81 (15) | |
| No | 108 (87) | 465 (85) | 0.58b |
| Mode of delivery | |||
| Vaginal | 71 (58) | 335 (61) | |
| Caesarean section | 52 (42) | 211 (39) | 0.10b |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 76 (61) | 286 (52) | |
| Female | 47 (39) | 260 (48) | 0.019b |
| PPV attempted | |||
| Yes | 73 (59) | 241 (44) | |
| No | 51 (41) | 306 (67) | 0.003b |
| Apgar score at 1 minute | |||
| <7 | 69 (56) | 178 (33) | |
| ≥7 | 55 (44) | 369 (67) | 0.001b |
| Apgar score at 5 minute | |||
| <7 | 39 (32) | 48 (9) | |
| ≥7 | 85 (68) | 499 (91) | <0.001b |
| Oxygen saturation on admission | |||
| <60% | 37 (33) | 32 (12) | |
| 60–89% | 52 (46) | 94 (36) | |
| ≥90% | 24 (21) | 132 (51) | <0.001 |
| Initial assessment on admission | |||
| Temperature (C) | 35.1 (34.6–36.0) | 35.5 (35.0–36.0) | <0.001a |
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 143 (130–158) | 140 (130–154) | 0.48a |
| Need for oxygen therapy (n) | 93 (92) | 132 (46) | <0.001b |
| Random blood glucose (mmol/l) | 4.2 (2.4–5.5) | 3.5 (2.3–4.6) | 0.04a |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise stated
FHR, fetal heart rate; C, Celsius; PPV, positive pressure ventilation
a Mann-Whitney
b Chi-square
cFisher-exact test