Table 2.

Practitioner/practice characteristics according to most ideal treatment recommendation category

			Treatment category1								Cluster adjusted4 p-values
	ALL (N=345)		Aligners only (N=35)		Fixed appliances (N=146)		Temporary Anchorage Devices (N=35)		Orthognathic surgery (N=129)		ALN vs. FA	FA vs. TADs	TADs vs SX	SX: yes/no
Practitioner characteristics	N	Col %2	N	Row3 %	N	Row3 %	N	Row3 %	N	Row3 %	p	p	p	p
Specialty											NE5	NE	NE	NE
General practice	3	1%	0	0%	0	0%	3	100%	0	0%
Orthodontist	342	99%	35	10%	146	43%	32	9%	129	38%
Country trained in											0.99	.9	0.4	0.98
United States	279	81%	28	10%	124	44%	24	9%	103	37%
Other	66	19%	7	11%	22	33%	11	17%	26	39%
Gender											0.06	0.16	0.4	0.7
Male	254	74%	17	7%	112	44%	27	11%	98	39%
Female	91	26%	18	20%	34	37%	8	9%	31	34%
Race/ethnicity											NE	NE	NE	0.007
Caucasian	200	58%	13	7%	73	37%	20	10%	94	47%
Asian	101	29%	13	13%	44	44%	14	14%	30	30%
Hispanic/Latino	38	11%	9	24%	24	63%	1	3%	4	11%
Other/unknown	6	2%	0	0%	5	83%	0	0%	1	17%
Age											0.8	0.8	0.12	0.06
< 45 yeaars	134	39%	13	10%	70	52%	14	10%	37	28%
45 – 54 years	78	23%	10	13%	20	26%	13	17%	35	45%
55 – 64 years	110	32%	3	3%	51	46%	7	6%	49	45%
65+ years	23	7%	9	39%	5	22%	1	4%	8	35%
Years since dental degree											0.9	0.7	0.08	0.13
< 10 years	37	11%	3	8%	23	62%	4	11%	7	19%
10 – 19 years	129	37%	12	9%	56	43%	15	12%	46	36%
20 – 29 years	85	25%	8	9%	26	31%	12	14%	39	46%
30+ years	93	27%	12	13%	41	44%	4	4%	36	39%
Type of practice											0.4	NE	NE	0.4
Solo, private prtice	154	45%	15	10%	56	36%	17	11%	66	43%
Owner, non-solo private	72	21%	8	11%	37	51%	3	4%	24	33%
Associate in private	35	10%	7	20%	21	60%	3	9%	4	11%
Preferred provider	15	4%	1	7%	8	53%	0	0%	6	40%
Academic	64	19%	4	6%	22	34%	12	19%	26	41%
Region											NE	NE	NE	0.6
Western	161	47%	20	12%	55	34%	19	12%	67	42%
Midwest	33	10%	0	0%	17	52%	2	6%	14	42%
Southwest	38	11%	7	18%	10	26%	6	16%	15	39%
South Central	20	6%	0	0%	10	50%	0	0%	10	50%
South Atlantic	38	11%	0	0%	23	61%	5	13%	10	26%
Northeast	55	16%	8	15%	31	56%	3	5%	13	24%

¹Treatment categories are mutually exclusive (see Table 1); 2 are excluded as none of the 4 primary treatments above were recommended

²Overall column percent (denominator=345); columns not summing to 100 are due to rounding

³Row %: Percent of specified treatment within category of practitioner/practice characteristic

⁴Adjusted for patient clustering within practitioner using generalized estimating equations

⁵NE: Not estimable