Table 1.
Physicochemical properties of the soils from the six sites differing in bedrock and land management (G, Gumpenstein; M, Moarhof; A, arable; P, pasture; F, forest). Values are means ± SE (n = 4). Significance was tested by two-way ANOVA for effects of bedrock (B) and land management (M) as well as their interaction. ns: not significant.
| Soil type | GA | GP | GF | MA | MP | MF | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bedrock (B) | Silicate | Limestone | B | M | BxM | ||||
| Management (M) | Arable | Pasture | Forest | Arable | Pasture | Forest | |||
| Soil pH | 5.6 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 6 ± 0.1 | *** | *** | ns |
| Sand (%) | 44.4 ± 0.5 | 61.1 ± 2.5 | 47.4 ± 1.0 | 29.1 ± 1.5 | 47.9 ± 13.2 | 22.8 ± 1.6 | ** | ** | ns |
| Silt (%) | 47.1 ± 0.6 | 33.4 ± 2.3 | 35.2 ± 0.9 | 56.2 ± 0.6 | 44 ± 11.1 | 62.5 ± 1.8 | *** | * | ns |
| Clay (%) | 8.5 ± 0.3 | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 17.4 ± 0.1 | 14.8 ± 1.0 | 8.1 ± 2.2 | 14.7 ± 1.5 | * | *** | ** |
| CEC (cmolc/kg) | 8.4 ± 2.0 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 9.7 ± 0.7 | 33.7 ± 0.4 | 22.7 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 0.5 | *** | ** | * |
| Base saturation (%) | 93.4 ± 3.5 | 82.7 ± 3.0 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 100 ± 0.1 | 99.6 ± 0.1 | 99.3 ± 0.1 | *** | *** | *** |
| Corg (mg C g−1) | 21.8 ± 1.1 | 26.7 ± 0.9 | 49.9 ± 7.6 | 47 ± 0.9 | 43.9 ± 5.4 | 36.8 ± 2.4 | ** | ns | *** |
| TN (mg N g−1) | 2.2 ± 0.1 | 2.8 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | *** | * | * |
| Soil C:N | 10 ± 0.2 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 19.6 ± 0.2 | 9.9 ± 0.2 | 9.7 ± 1.0 | 11.3 ± 0.4 | *** | *** | *** |
| DOC (μg C g−1) | 64.6 ± 3.6 | 85.6 ± 4.3 | 160.9 ± 13.1 | 52.5 ± 1.8 | 53.7 ± 12.6 | 53.4 ± 6.9 | *** | *** | *** |
| DON (μg N g−1) | 15.7 ± 1.0 | 32.4 ± 2.3 | 13.6 ± 1.9 | 16.9 ± 1.2 | 16 ± 1.4 | 15.2 ± 1.9 | ** | *** | *** |
| NH4+ (μg N g−1) | 1.3 ± 0.7 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 6.3 ± 0.7 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | ** | *** | *** |
| NO3− (μg N g−1) | 11 ± 1.8 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 20 ± 0.8 | 18.9 ± 2 | 15.7 ± 1.6 | *** | ** | * |
| Free amino sugars (ng N g−1) | 36.6 ± 2 | 208.6 ± 31.7 | 143.4 ± 37.4 | 29.3 ± 0.9 | 128.2 ± 12.3 | 96.1 ± 12.6 | * | *** | ns |
| Free amino acids (μg N g−1) | 0.63 ± 0.2 | 1.61 ± 0.1 | 0.97 ± 0.3 | 0.76 ± 0.1 | 2.91 ± 0.3 | 2.68 ± 0.3 | *** | *** | * |
| Fungal PLFA (μg C g−1) | 8.8 ± 2.2 | 15.3 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 6.5 | 39.8 ± 8.2 | 56.4 ± 7.3 | 34.1 ± 9.9 | *** | ns | ns |
| Bacterial PLFA (μg C g−1) | 17.3 ± 5.9 | 34.4 ± 5.3 | 33 ± 10.8 | 67.4 ± 15.7 | 85.5 ± 8.5 | 42.8 ± 8.3 | *** | ns | ns |
| Fungi:Bacteria (PLFA) | 0.65 ± 0.2 | 0.46 ± 0.1 | 0.92 ± 0.3 | 0.67 ± 0.2 | 0.67 ± 0.1 | 0.75 ± 0.1 | ns | ns | ns |
| Fungal necromass (mg C g−1) | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 3.3 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 1 | ns | ns | * |
| Bacterial necromass (mg C g−1) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 2.4 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | ns | ns | *** |
| Fungi:Bacteria (necromass) | 0.43 ± 0.1 | 1.06 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.1 | 0.92 ± 0.1 | 0.43 ± 0.1 | 0.83 ± 0.2 | ns | ns | ** |