Table 4.
Associations between PBDE serum concentrations and papillary thyroid cancer risk stratified by tumor size.
| Microcarcinomas < 1 cm (n=138 cases) | Tumor size ≥ 1 cm (n=110 cases) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PBDE Congener (ng/g)a | Controls | Cases | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | Controls | Cases | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) |
| BDE-28 | ||||||
| ≤0.51 | 125 | 90 | 1 | 125 | 57 | 1 |
| >0.51 to ≤1.65 | 100 | 33 | 0.43 (0.26–0.70) | 100 | 43 | 1.00 (0.61–1.65) |
| >1.65 | 25 | 15 | 0.74 (0.36–1.55) | 25 | 10 | 0.94 (0.40–2.19) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 0.84 (0.65–1.09) | 250 | 110 | 1.00 (0.80–1.25) |
| BDE-47 | ||||||
| ≤7.28 | 125 | 85 | 1 | 125 | 54 | 1 |
| >7.28 to ≤24.91 | 100 | 41 | 0.57 (0.35–0.91) | 100 | 47 | 1.09 (0.66–1.78) |
| >24.91 | 25 | 12 | 0.56 (0.25–1.22) | 25 | 9 | 0.73 (0.31–1.74) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 0.85 (0.64–1.14) | 250 | 110 | 0.91 (0.68–1.22) |
| BDE-85 | ||||||
| <LOD | 161 | 107 | 1 | 161 | 68 | 1 |
| ≥LOD | 89 | 31 | 0.46 (0.28–0.76) | 89 | 42 | 1.08 (0.66–1.75) |
| Continuousc | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| BDE-99 | ||||||
| ≤1.21 | 125 | 84 | 1 | 125 | 53 | 1 |
| >1.21 to ≤5.00 | 100 | 44 | 0.59 (0.37–0.95) | 100 | 49 | 1.09 (0.67–1.78) |
| >5.00 | 25 | 10 | 0.48 (0.21–1.10) | 25 | 8 | 0.69 (0.28–1.69) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 0.94 (0.75–1.16) | 250 | 110 | 0.77 (0.41–1.47) |
| BDE-100 | ||||||
| ≤1.47 | 125 | 86 | 1 | 125 | 52 | 1 |
| >1.47 to ≤5.43 | 100 | 43 | 0.54 (0.34–0.86) | 100 | 46 | 1.09 (0.67–1.80) |
| >5.43 | 25 | 9 | 0.48 (0.21–1.10) | 25 | 12 | 1.14 (0.52–2.51) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 1.04 (0.85–1.27) | 250 | 110 | 1.06 (0.81–1.39) |
| BDE-153 | ||||||
| ≤3.08 | 125 | 77 | 1 | 125 | 52 | 1 |
| >3.08 to ≤14.02 | 100 | 45 | 0.72 (0.45–1.14) | 100 | 42 | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) |
| >14.02 | 25 | 16 | 1.06 (0.52–2.16) | 25 | 16 | 1.31 (0.63–2.74) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 1.06 (0.86–1.30) | 250 | 110 | 1.11 (0.88–1.39) |
| BDE-154 | ||||||
| <LOD | 152 | 98 | 1 | 152 | 65 | 1 |
| ≥LOD | 98 | 40 | 0.57 (0.36–0.91) | 98 | 45 | 1.02 (0.63–1.64) |
| Continuousc | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| BDE-183 | ||||||
| <LOD | 176 | 109 | 1 | 176 | 74 | 1 |
| ≥LOD | 74 | 29 | 0.55 (0.33–0.93) | 74 | 36 | 1.05 (0.63–1.74) |
| Continuousc | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| BDE-209 | ||||||
| ≤1.55 | 125 | 77 | 1 | 125 | 58 | 1 |
| >1.55 to ≤4.08 | 100 | 54 | 0.85 (0.54–1.33) | 100 | 45 | 0.94 (0.58–1.54) |
| >4.08 | 25 | 7 | 0.40 (0.16–0.99) | 25 | 7 | 0.52 (0.20–1.34) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 0.75 (0.55–1.03) | 250 | 110 | 0.94 (0.75–1.18) |
| BB-153 | ||||||
| ≤1.45 | 125 | 66 | 1 | 125 | 63 | 1 |
| >1.45 to ≤3.51 | 100 | 53 | 1.14 (0.70–1.85) | 100 | 35 | 0.95 (0.55–1.63) |
| > 3.51 | 25 | 19 | 1.60 (0.79–3.25) | 25 | 12 | 1.46 (0.65–3.29) |
| Continuous | 250 | 138 | 1.00 (0.63–1.58) | 250 | 110 | 1.19 (0.89–1.59) |
a
Categories established based on distributions among controls and correspond to either (i) ≤median, >median and ≤90th percentile, and >90th percentile for congeners with detection frequency ≥80% (ii) undetected versus detected samples for congeners with detection frequency <80%.
b
Adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, and years of education.
c
Continuous models not run when detection frequency was <80%.
LOD, limit of detection