Table 1: Baseline Characteristics of Trial Subjects.

Comparison of Baseline Study characteristics (including the presence of inflammation) of subjects on pioglitazone or placebo. The only significant difference observed was older age in the placebo group.

Characteristic		Pioglitazone (N=47)	Placebo (N=45)	Total (N=92)	P-Value
Sex
Male	N (%)	39 (83.0)	38 (84.4)	77 (83.7)	0.85
Female		8 (17.0)	7 (15.6)	15 (16.3)
Ethnicity
Hispanic	N (%)	4 (8.5)	2 (4.4)	6 (6.5)	0.43
Non-Hispanic		43 (91.5)	43 (95.6)	86 (93.5)
Race
White	N (%)	44 (93.6)	38 (84.4)	82 (89.1)	0.30
Black		2 (4.3)	6 (13.3)	8 (8.7)
American Indian		1 (2.1)	1 (2.2)	2 (2.2)
Age at Enrollment (Years)	Mean (SD)	58.6 (9.6)	62.6 (8.2)	60.5 (9.1)	0.036
Smoking Status
Current Smoker	N (%)	22 (46.8)	22 (48.9)	44 (47.8)	0.84
Former Smoker		25 (53.2)	23 (51.1)	48 (52.2)
Age Stopped Smoking	Mean (SD)	49.9 (11.6)	49.4 (13.1)	49.7 (12.2)	0.87
Packs per Day	Mean (SD)	1.2 (0.5)	1.2 (0.4)	1.2 (0.5)	0.59
Smoking Duration (Years)	Mean (SD)	34.9 (11.2)	35.9 (13.3)	35.4 (12.2)	0.72
Smoke Exposure (Pack-Years)	Mean (SD)	41.7 (19.8)	41.0 (19.4)	41.4 (19.5)	0.87
Sputum Classification
No Sputum Abnormalities	N (%)	4 (8.5)	2 (4.4)	6 (6.5)	0.70
Mild Sputum Atypia		26 (55.3)	25 (55.6)	51 (55.4)
Moderate Sputum Atypia		10 (21.3)	13 (28.9)	23 (25.0)
Severe Sputum Atypia		6 (12.8)	4 (8.9)	10 (10.9)
Unknown		1 (2.1)	1 (2.2)	2 (2.2)
FEV1 (BL)	Mean (SD)	2.74 (0.82)	2.68 (0.91)	2.71 (0.86)	0.74
FEV1 Predicted (BL)	Mean (SD)	3.45 (0.59)	3.22 (0.66)	3.34 (0.63)	0.086
FEV1 % Predicted (BL)	Mean (SD)	79.8 (20.2)	82.7 (21.1)	81.2 (20.5)	0.50
FVC (BL)	Mean (SD)	3.78 (0.72)	3.73 (0.99)	3.76 (0.86)	0.80
FEV1/FVC Ratio	Mean (SD)	0.71 (0.13)	0.71 (0.12)	0.71 (0.13)	0.88
COPD
No	N (%)	37 (78.7)	33 (73.3)	70 (76.1)	0.54
Yes		10 (21.3)	12 (26.7)	22 (23.9)
Had Any Inflammation					0.58
No	N (%)	15 (31.9)	12 (26.7)	27 (29.3)
Yes		32 (68.1)	33 (73.3)	65 (70.7)