Table 2.
Miscellaneous case reports/series on off-label apremilast use.
| Disease | Efficacy | Adjunctive medication | Time to onset of effect | Length of known remission | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alopecia areata | (n = 9) No hair regrowth in any patient over 3–6 months of treatment | N/A | N/A | Liu and King (14) | |
| Simple aphthous stomatitis | (n = 1) Complete clearance | 6 weeks | 1 year | Schibler et al. (32) | |
| Lamellar icthyosis with concomitant plaque psoriasis, (with cicatricial ectropion/corneal ulceration due to icthyosis) | (n = 1) Improvement in both lamellar icthyosis and psoriasis vulgaris | Unk | 2 years | Abboud et al. (33) | |
| Complex aphthae | (n = 2) Complete clearance | Unk | 6–7 months | von der Weth et al. (34) | |
| Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, generalized severe | (n = 3) Decreased number of blisters at 1 month in all 3 patients. Two patients stable at 8 and 10 month follow up, one experienced recurrence after discontinuation at month 7 | 10–30 days | 7–10 months | Castela et al. (35) | |
| Hailey-Hailey Disease | (n = 4) 4/4 with moderate to near complete resolution at 6 months; 2/4 experienced flares on apremilast after this point | 1 month | 6 months | Kieffer et al. (36) | |
| Lichen planopilaris | (n = 4) 3 partial responses, 1 significant improvement, 2 discontinued due to gastrointestinal discomfort | Unk | Unk | Hadi and Lebwohl (37) | |
| Oral lichen planus | (n = 3) Symptoms improved or completely cleared | 1 of 3 on adjunctive prednisone | 2–4 weeks | 3–6 months | Bettencourt (27) |
| (n = 1, with desquamative gingivitis) marked improvement in buccal and gingival lesions | Unk | 4 months | AbuHilal et al. (28) | ||
| (n = 1, with esophagitis and esophageal stenosis) Reduction in stomatitis and esophageal stenosis with consequent dysphagia resolved | 4 weeks | Unk | Hafner et al. (29) | ||
| Psoriasis (erythrodermic) | (n = 1, with pustular component) Condition improved (PASI 44.0 → 26.4 at day 10), but experienced new onset atrial fibrillation, thus apremilast was discontinued | 10 days | N/A | Arcilla et al. (38) | |
| (n = 1) Complete clearance at day 20, but plaques recurred at 3 months | 20 days | 3 months | Papadavid et al. (39) | ||
| Generalized pustular psoriasis, von Zumbusch type | (n = 1) Complete clearance of plaque psoriasis and generalized pustular psoriasis | 2 weeks | 9 months | Jeon et al. (40) | |
| Generalized pustular psoriasis with acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau | (n = 1) Transitioned to apremilast + infliximab after cyclosporine 200 mg BID for 2 weeks significantly improved acropustulosis (experienced adverse effects from cyclosporine), maintained on apremilast + infliximab with minimal onychodystrophy and maintained pustule clearance at 6 months | Infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks | N/A | 6 months | Georgakopo-ulos et al. (41) |
| Erythema multiforme (oral involvement) | (n = 4) near complete to complete resolution of lesions achieved for all patients | 2 weeks in 3 of 4 patients | 2–6 months | Chen et al. (42) | |
| Palmoplantar pustulosis | (n = 3) Near-complete response | 2 weeks | 8 months | Eto et al. (43) | |
| (n = 1) Symptomatic improvement noted | 4 weeks | 1 years | Haebich et al. (44) | ||
| (n = 1) Near-complete response | Ustekinumab 90 mg every 8 weeks | 2 months | 6 months | Mayba and Gooderham (45) | |
| Anti-laminin γ1 pemphigoid with psoriasis vulgaris | (n = 1) Controlled psoriasis and pemphigoid lesions | Prednisone | 4 weeks | Unk | Waki et al. (46) |
| Pityriasis rubra pilaris | (n = 1) Near complete resolution of skin findings | 4 weeks | 8 months | Krase et al. (47) | |
| (n = 1) Complete response and remission | <1 week | 7 months | Pellonnet et al. (48) | ||
| (n = 1) Complete response and remission | 2 months | 10 months | Molina-Figuera et al. (49) | ||
| (n = 1) No clinical response after 15 wks | N/A | N/A | Maloney et al. (50) | ||
| (n = 1) No improvement after 2 months | N/A | N/A | Campanelli and Sauder (51) | ||
| (n = 1) Complete response and remission | 2 months | 6 months | Cho et al. (52) | ||
| Pyoderma Gangrenosum | (n = 1) Complete closure of back erosion, partial response in thigh erosion | Prednisone, methotrexate | 0–4 months | 4–5 months | Laird et al. (53) |
| SAPHO Syndrome | (n = 1, with palmoplantar pustulosis) Stable PPPASI score maintained on apremilast after patient went into remission on secukinumab but developed hypersensitivity reaction | N/A | 7 months | Adamo et al. (54) | |
| Vitiligo | (n = 1) Mild improvement with 60–70% repigmentation at month 11 | IM triamcinolone | 3 months | 13 months | Huff and Gottwald (55) |
Abbreviations: IM: intramuscular; N/A: not applicable; PPPASI: palmoplantar psoriasis area and severity index; SAPHO: synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis; Unk: unknown.