Table 2.
Descriptive Statistics of IADL, by Cohort and Gender, Health and Retirement Study, 1995–2010.
| Women | Men | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AHEAD | CODA | HRS | WB | EBB | MBB | AHEAD | CODA | HRS | WB | EBB | MBB | |
| Year/wave entrance | 1995/3 | 1998/4 | 1996/3 | 1998/4 | 2004/7 | 2010/10 | 1995/3 | 1998/4 | 1996/3 | 1998/4 | 2004/7 | 2010/10 |
| Average age | 79.6 | 70.3 | 59.4 | 52.7 | 52.8 | 53.2 | 78.7 | 71.1 | 59.4 | 53.0 | 53.1 | 53.4 |
| Self-reported difficulty using a map | ||||||||||||
| No | 48.7 | 70.6 | 67.2 | 81.5 | 81.8 | 80.3 | 73.9 | 86.5 | 89.0 | 93.9 | 92.9 | 91.6 |
| Yes/can’t do | 20.7 | 12.4 | 20.3 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 13.8 | 13.1 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 6.9 |
| Nonperforming | 30.7 | 17.0 | 12.6 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 13.0 | 7.0 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.5 |
| Self-reported difficulty using a telephone | ||||||||||||
| No | 89.7 | 97.6 | 98.1 | 98.4 | 98.8 | 97.7 | 87.4 | 95.1 | 96.8 | 97.5 | 98.2 | 97.3 |
| Yes/can’t do | 9.6 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 11.0 | 4.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 2.6 |
| Nonperforming | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
| Self-reported difficulty managing money | ||||||||||||
| No | 81.1 | 95.0 | 95.4 | 96.5 | 94.5 | 92.6 | 83.1 | 90.2 | 93.8 | 94.1 | 94.2 | 91.9 |
| Yes/can’t do | 15.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 6.6 | 11.5 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 6.6 |
| Nonperforming | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 3.3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 1.5 |
| Self-reported difficulty taking medicine | ||||||||||||
| No | 91.7 | 97.4 | 97.9 | 97.4 | 97.5 | 96.9 | 94.0 | 97.6 | 98.4 | 98.1 | 97.2 | 97.2 |
| Yes/can’t do | 8.3 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| Self-reported difficulty shopping | ||||||||||||
| No | 72.5 | 90.3 | 91.8 | 92.9 | 93.2 | 91.5 | 79.4 | 89.9 | 91.3 | 93.5 | 95.0 | 94.4 |
| Yes/can’t do | 23.2 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 8.3 | 13.5 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 2.9 | 5.0 |
| Nonperforming | 4.3 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 7.1 | 4.7 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 0.6 |
| Self-reported difficulty preparing meals | ||||||||||||
| No | 81.4 | 93.3 | 96.0 | 97.0 | 96.1 | 95.4 | 72.7 | 83.0 | 89.5 | 92.5 | 96.6 | 96.4 |
| Yes/can’t Do | 15.9 | 5.9 | 3.8 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 4.5 | 10.1 | 4.1 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.8 |
| Nonperforming | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 17.3 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 5.7 | 1.7 | 0.8 |
| N | 3,863 | 1,290 | 4,543 | 853 | 1,275 | 1,950 | 2,369 | 874 | 3,902 | 948 | 1,329 | 1,851 |
Source. Health and Retirement Study.
Note. Values in bold are Significantly (p < .01) different report of nonperformance than previous cohort as measured by a proportion t test.
AHEAD = Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old; COD = Children of the Depression Age; HRS = Health and Retirement Study; WB = War Babies; EBB = Early Baby Boomers; MBB = Mid-Baby Boomers; IADL = Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.