Table 1.
Features of the word pairs used in the context and frequency conditions. Note: The measure ‘frequency’ reflects the frequency of word occurrence in the analysed Norwegian corpus of child-directed speech CHILDES from [10,20,21], available in https://github.com/mikabr.
| context condition |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| referent words: words referring to the displayed objects | ||||||||
| English translation | cookie–belly | banana–hair | apple–foot | bread–leg | ||||
| Norwegian words | kjeks-mage | banan-hår | eple-fot | brød-bein | ||||
| phonetic transc. | çeks | mαːgə | bαnα:n | ho:r | eplə | fu:t | brø: | bæjn |
| frequency | 20,0 | 6,0 | 107,0 | 47,0 | 40,0 | 11,0 | 26,0 | 16,0 |
| related words: words related contextually to the displayed objects | ||||||||
| English translation | spoon–bathtub | bottle–toothbrush | cup–pants | table–diaper | ||||
| Norwegian words | skje-badekar | flaske-tannbørste | kopp-bukse | bord-bleie | ||||
| phonetic transc. | ʃeː | bɑːdəkɑɾ | flɑske | tɑnbœʃtə | kɔp | buksə | bu:ɾ | blæjə |
| frequency | 6,0 | n.a. | 6,0 | 8,0 | 17,0 | 18,0 | 4,0 | 34,0 |
| frequency condition |
||||||||
| referent words: words referring to the displayed objects | ||||||||
| English translation | dog–glasses | cat–keys | book–jacket | car–couch | ||||
| Norwegian words | hund-briller | katt-nøkler | bok-jakke | bil-sofa | ||||
| phonetic transc. | hʉn | bɾil:ər | kɑt: | nœkler | buːk | jɑk:ə | biːl | suːfɑ |
| frequency | 52,0 | 1,0 | 35,0 | 1,0 | 107,0 | 15,0 | 137,0 | 2,0 |
| related words: words having the frequencies similar to the names of the displayed objects | ||||||||
| English translation | pacifier–pillow | ball–sun | phone–moon | water–carpet | ||||
| Norwegian words | smokk-pute | ball-sol | telefon-måne | vann-teppe | ||||
| phonetic transc. | smuk | pʉːtə | bɑl | suːl | tələ'uːn | moːnə | ʋɑn | tep:ə |
| frequency | 14,0 | 2,0 | 96,0 | 14,0 | 41,0 | 2 | 255,0 | 14,0 |