Fig. 7.
Top views of experiment I-RMO showing the horizontal mantle streamline pattern. The streamline pattern illustrates the general flow pattern at the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary and in the ductile lithospheric mantle and results from Indian indentation (continental subduction hinge and slab advance) and Western Pacific and Sunda subduction zone rollback (hinge and slab retreat). a Horizontal mantle flow pattern for an early stage of the experiment (corresponding to the early–middle Eocene). b Horizontal mantle flow pattern for a late stage of the experiment (corresponding to the Miocene–Present). Note that I-RMO has an R = 0.62 and no brittle top layer