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. 2019 Oct 2;9:14173. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50448-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Offspring birth weight and litter size. Values are for mean and SEM. (a) Male birth weights, (b) female birth weights calculated as the mean per litter, (c) male offspring litter size at birth, (d) female offspring litter size at birth. Two groups of offspring were studied: offspring exposed to a chow diet during pregnancy (C, n 30) or offspring exposed to a cafeteria diet (O, n 28). Some animals were excluded from the analysis due to assessment of extreme outliers or data missing. *Effect of maternal pregnancy diet on offspring birth weight using an independent samples T-test for males and females separately (P < 0.05). Maternal dietary exposure had no significant effect on the number of offspring per litter for males or females.