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. 2019 Oct 2;9:14215. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50794-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Six genes regulate CSC-like functions via the Hedgehog pathway. DM; DMSO. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. (a,b) GLI-binding activity measured using a luciferase reporter assay. Relative luciferase activities (y-axis) are shown (n = 4). (a) Suppression of the six genes significantly increases GLI-binding activity compared to control cells. (b) Overexpression of sMDL3, VPS45, TLE2 and ZNF498 significantly decrease GLI-binding activity (y-axis) compared to control cells. (c) Cyclopamine inhibits GLI-binding activity, measured using a luciferase reporter assay. (d) Cyclopamine decreases the SP, with the exception of SP cells derived from suppression of MSL3. (e) Cyclopamine decreases sphere forming capacity of SP cells derived from suppression of six genes.