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. 2019 Oct 2;9:14175. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50481-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hematoxylin-eosin staining of renal cortex for acute kidney injury histology scoring. (a) Representative section from an anesthesia control animal demonstrating normal histology without evidence of AKI on low magnification (4x); (b) Section from an animal 4 hours after CPB/DHCA demonstrating moderate AKI with 25–50% of cortical area affected; (c) Section from an animal four hours after CPB/DHCA demonstrating severe AKI with 75–100% of cortical area affected; (d) high-magnification (20x) view of damaged proximal tubules demonstrating proximal tubular dilation (red arrows), epithelial thinning (blue arrows), and epithelial blebs (green arrows). CPB/DHCA = cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest; AKI = acute kidney injury.