Table 2.
Alpha diversity measures (mean ± standard deviation) for bacterial and fungal endophytes in leaves with and without green islands of A. campestre and A. platanoides collected at at three sites (Molkengrund, Am Kehr and Friedland) in Germany. Abbreviations: CL, control leaves without green islands; GIL, leaves with green islands; YLA, yellow leaf area; GLA, green island area; Ac, Acer campestre; Ap, Acer platanoides.
| Bacterial endophytes | Fungal endophytes | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Richness | Diversity | Faith’s PD | Richness | Diversity | |
| Ac | 244 ± 70 | 3.15 ± 0.79A | 5.56 ± 1.31 | 77 ± 65 | 1.38 ± 0.83 |
| Ap | 242 ± 88 | 3.38 ± 0.66B | 5.65 ± 1.71 | 77 ± 66 | 1.31 ± 0.77 |
| Acer campestre | |||||
| Leaves with green islands (GIL)* | 229 ± 75 | 3.03 ± 0.89 | 5.32 ± 1.44 | 59 ± 46A | 1.16 ± 0.66A |
| - Green leaf area (GLA) | 228 ± 78 | 3.07 ± 0.94 | 5.39 ± 1.48 | 49 ± 24a | 1.01 ± 0.45a |
| - Yellow leaf area (YLA) | 229 ± 77 | 2.99 ± 0.87 | 5.25 ± 1.45 | 70 ± 61ab | 1.32 ± 0.81ab |
| Control leaves (CL) | 285 ± 25 | 3.45 ± 0.28 | 6.22 ± 0.49 | 123 ± 86Bb | 1.98 ± 0.98Bb |
| Acer platanoides | |||||
| Leaves with green islands (GIL)* | 238 ± 87 | 3.35 ± 0.66 | 5.57 ± 1.67 | 66 ± 53 | 1.20 ± 0.67 |
| - Green leaf area (GLA) | 230 ± 93 | 3.25 ± 0.72 | 5.36 ± 1.64 | 56 ± 18 | 1.19 ± 0.31 |
| - Yellow leaf area (YLA) | 246 ± 85 | 3.46 ± 0.61 | 5.78 ± 1.75 | 75 ± 73 | 1.21 ± 0.92 |
| Control leaves (CL) | 252 ± 94 | 3.46 ± 0.71 | 5.89 ± 1.92 | 112 ± 92 | 1.67 ± 0.97 |
| Am Kehr | |||||
| Ac - CL | 280 ± NA | 3.15 ± NA | 6.09 ± NA | 54 ± NA | 1.24 ± NA |
| Ac - GIL | 165 ± 57 | 2.65 ± 1.28 | 4.21 ± 1.48 | 43 ± 21 | 0.99 ± 0.3 |
| Ac - GLA | 163 ± 84 | 2.73 ± 1.72 | 4.43 ± 2.18 | 37 ± 7 | 0.83 ± 0.2 |
| Ac - YLA | 168 ± 32 | 2.57 ± 1.05 | 3.98 ± 0.78 | 50 ± 31 | 1.14 ± 0.35 |
| Ap - CL | 209 ± 89 | 3.15 ± 0.89 | 4.94 ± 1.59 | 89 ± 95 | 1.29 ± 0.99 |
| Ap - GIL | 180 ± 61 | 3.02 ± 0.68 | 4.62 ± 1.45 | 40 ± 16 | 0.94 ± 0.34 |
| Ap - GLA | 157 ± 57 | 2.84 ± 0.73 | 4.19 ± 1.2 | 41 ± 10 | 1.13 ± 0.24 |
| Ap - YLA | 203 ± 60 | 3.2 ± 0.64 | 5.04 ± 1.67 | 39 ± 21 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Molkengrund | |||||
| Ac - GIL | 210 ± 59 | 2.89 ± 0.96 | 4.98 ± 1.2 | 49 ± 35 | 0.93 ± 0.61 |
| Ac - GLA | 217 ± 66 | 2.94 ± 0.91 | 5.15 ± 1.42 | 38 ± 7 | 0.88 ± 0.65 |
| Ac - YLA | 202 ± 60 | 2.84 ± 1.15 | 4.81 ± 1.12 | 60 ± 50 | 0.98 ± 0.68 |
| Ap - CL | 296 ± 89 | 3.77 ± 0.36 | 6.84 ± 1.91 | 135 ± 96 | 2.04 ± 0.91 |
| Ap - GIL | 296 ± 70 | 3.68 ± 0.46 | 6.53 ± 1.32 | 91 ± 65 | 1.45 ± 0.82 |
| Ap - GLA | 304 ± 52 | 3.66 ± 0.45 | 6.53 ± 1.11 | 71 ± 10 | 1.25 ± 0.38 |
| Ap - YLA | 289 ± 88 | 3.71 ± 0.51 | 6.53 ± 1.62 | 111 ± 91 | 1.66 ± 1.12 |
| Friedland | |||||
| Ac - CL | 286 ± 26 | 3.49 ± 0.27 | 6.24 ± 0.52 | 131 ± 88 | 2.07 ± 1.01 |
| Ac - GIL | 282 ± 62 | 3.37 ± 0.39 | 6.26 ± 1.01 | 77 ± 61 | 1.45 ± 0.78 |
| Ac - GLA | 277 ± 59 | 3.37 ± 0.36 | 6.16 ± 0.8 | 65 ± 30 | 1.21 ± 0.38 |
| Ac - YLA | 287 ± 72 | 3.36 ± 0.46 | 6.36 ± 1.28 | 89 ± 84 | 1.7 ± 1.03 |
Alpha diversity values are represented by richness (number of observed zOTUs), diversity (Shannon diversity index H’) and phylogenetic diversity (Faith’s PD). Note that the Faith’s PD was not calculated for fungi due to the high variability in the fungal ITS region.
Abbreviation: NA, not available (standard deviation not available due to the low number of replicates).
*Leaves with green islands (GIL) contained green (GLA) and yellow leaf area (YLA) samples.
A,BDifferent superscript letters indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the two Acer species (bacterial data) or between leaves with and without green islands (fungal data).
a,bDifferent superscript letters indicate significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the three leaf states CL, YLA and GLA (fungal data). There was a marginally significant difference in fungal richness between CL and YLA samples of A. campestre (P = 0.053) and between CL and YLA samples of the entire dataset (P = 0.054). For further details, see Supplementary Table S6.