Table 2.
Determinants of fear of falling and restrictions in daily life due to fear of falling.
| Fear of falling | Restriction in daily life (due to fear of falling) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
| Independent variables | Total sample | Men | Women | Total sample | Men | Women |
| Presence of osteoporosis (ref.: absence) | 2.40*** (1.95–2.96) |
1.64* (1.03–2.62) |
2.04*** (1.60–2.60) |
1.91*** (1.47–2.49) |
1.56 (0.88–2.77) |
1.82*** (1.33–2.48) |
| Age in years, 2014 | 1.04*** (1.03–1.05) |
1.04*** (1.03–1.06) |
1.04*** (1.03–1.06) |
1.05*** (1.03–1.06) |
1.05*** (1.03–1.07) |
1.05*** (1.03–1.07) |
| Employment Status (ref.: employed) | ||||||
| -Retired | 1.08 (0.85–1.38) |
1.12 (0.74–1.68) |
1.15 (0.84–1.56) |
1.38 (0.95–2.00) |
1.41 (0.78–2.56) |
1.42 (0.88–2.31) |
| -Other not employed | 1.14 (0.86–1.50) |
0.55 (0.29–1.03) |
1.26 (0.91–1.75) |
1.31 (0.84–2.03) |
0.94 (0.41–2.14) |
1.41 (0.83–2.42) |
| Marital status: other (married, living separated from spouse; divorced, widowed, single) (reference: married, living together with spouse) | 1.44*** (1.25–1.66) |
1.24 (0.97–1.59) |
1.34** (1.11–1.60) |
1.39** (1.14–1.69) |
1.36 (0.99–1.88) |
1.30* (1.00–1.69) |
| Monthly net equivalent income | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
1.00 (1.00–1.00) |
| Consumption of Alcohol (ref.: never) | ||||||
| -Daily | 0.75* (0.58–0.97) |
0.87 (0.59–1.27) |
1.03 (0.68–1.55) |
0.88 (0.61–1.26) |
0.99 (0.60–1.64) |
0.92 (0.49–1.72) |
| -Several times a week | 0.62*** (0.49–0.79) |
0.58** (0.40–0.84) |
0.91 (0.66–1.25) |
0.73 (0.52–1.02) |
0.67 (0.40–1.11) |
0.98 (0.61–1.58) |
| -Once a week | 0.68** (0.52–0.88) |
0.61* (0.40–0.93) |
0.82 (0.58–1.14) |
0.87 (0.60–1.24) |
1.00 (0.58–1.73) |
0.82 (0.50–1.35) |
| -One to three times a month |
0.92 (0.71–1.20) |
0.64 (0.40–1.02) |
1.17 (0.84–1.62) |
1.31 (0.92–1.86) |
1.08 (0.59–1.97) |
1.52 (0.97–2.38) |
| -Less frequently | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) |
0.83 (0.57–1.21) |
0.98 (0.76–1.28) |
1.10 (0.83–1.46) |
1.10 (0.68–1.79) |
1.09 (0.77–1.56) |
| Physical activity (ref.: never) | ||||||
| -Daily | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) |
0.90 (0.59–1.37) |
1.23 (0.89–1.70) |
0.99 (0.71–1.39) |
1.00 (0.59–1.72) |
0.92 (0.59–1.43) |
| -Several times a week | 0.79* (0.65–0.96) |
0.75 (0.55–1.03) |
0.73* (0.56–0.94) |
0.69* (0.52–0.92) |
0.61* (0.39–0.96) |
0.70 (0.48–1.01) |
| -Once a week | 0.97 (0.79–1.18) |
0.72 (0.50–1.02) |
0.95 (0.74–1.24) |
0.72* (0.53–0.96) |
0.60* (0.36–0.99) |
0.73 (0.50–1.06) |
| -One to three times a month |
0.95 (0.71–1.26) |
0.86 (0.55–1.33) |
0.99 (0.67–1.47) |
0.71 (0.46–1.11) |
0.96 (0.54–1.72) |
0.51 (0.26–1.00) |
| -Less frequently | 0.88 (0.69–1.11) |
0.70 (0.48–1.00) |
1.09 (0.78–1.51) |
0.88 (0.63–1.23) |
0.84 (0.53–1.35) |
0.96 (0.60–1.56) |
| Number of physical illnesses, 2014 | 1.24*** (1.19–1.29) |
1.23*** (1.16–1.31) |
1.28*** (1.22–1.35) |
1.22*** (1.16–1.28) |
1.25*** (1.16–1.35) |
1.21*** (1.13–1.30) |
| Self-rated health (from 1 = “very good” to 5 = “very bad”) | 1.92*** (1.76–2.11) |
2.09*** (1.81–2.41) |
1.95*** (1.73–2.20) |
2.53*** (2.23–2.86) |
2.46*** (2.04–2.96) |
2.65*** (2.24–3.14) |
| Constant | 0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
0.00*** (0.00–0.00) |
| Observations | 7,213 | 3,572 | 3,641 | 7,213 | 3,571 | 3,642 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.186 | 0.185 | 0.202 | 0.231 | 0.222 | 0.244 |
Results of multiple logistic regressions (German Aging Survey, fifth wave). Odds ratios were reported; 95 % Confidence intervals in parentheses;
***
p < 0.001,
**
p < 0.01,
*
p < 0.05.