Fig. 1.

Translocation events signatures of knotted and unknotted 48.5 kbp lambda DNA molecules. a Schematic image of the translocation of a DNA molecule through a nanopore. b–f Examples of the current blockade signals (events) assigned to linear DNA molecules in different configurations, with corresponding sketch of DNA trajectory and SPIRaL designation. The unknotted parts of the signal and the sketch are color-coded with blue, while parts assigned to knots are presented in purple. g–i Similar signals assigned to knots on circular DNA molecules. A rare factored composite knot comprising of three factor knots is depicted in panel i. All events are plotted on the same scale; time-current scale is presented in the figure