Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Entire cohort | General anesthesia | Midazolam | Propofol | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 90 | 16 | 25 | 49 | |
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Gender (M:F) | 69: 21 | 11: 5 | 18: 7 | 40: 9 | 0.463‡ |
| Mean age ± SD† (years) | 66.9 ± 11.0 | 69.4 ± 11.3 | 64.4 ± 12.3 | 67.4 ± 10.2 | 0.521§ |
| Body mass index* (kg/m2) | 25.9 (5.3) | 26.9 (8.5) | 26.6 (6.3) | 25.3 (4.4) | 0.094§ |
| ASA physical status, ≥ 3 | 23 | 5 | 4 | 14 | 0.426‡ |
| Primary tumor type | 0.560‡ | ||||
| CRLM | 68 | 13 | 17 | 38 | |
| HCC | 22 | 3 | 8 | 11 | |
| Location colorectal cancer, right-sided | 12 (17.6%) | 4 (30.8%) | 2 (11.8%) | 6 (15.8%) | 0.361‡ |
| Characteristics per lesion | |||||
| Number of lesions | 171 | 35 | 42 | 94 | |
| Primary tumor type, no. of lesions | 0.821‡ | ||||
| CRLM | 136 (79.5%) | 28 (80.0%) | 32 (76.2%) | 76 (80.9%) | |
| HCC | 35 (20.5%) | 7 (20.0%) | 10 (23.8%) | 18 (19.1%) | |
| Mean diameter ± SD† (mm) | 17.2 ± 10.6 | 18.1 ± 11.1 | 17.6 ± 11.8 | 16.6 ± 9.9 | 0.791§ |
| Largest diameter (mm), > 30 | 21 (12.3%) | 5 (14.3%) | 11 (26.2%) | 5 (5.3%) | 0.921‡ |
| Tumor-free margin size (mm), 0–5 | 26 (15.2%) | 5 (14.3%) | 12 (28.6%) | 9 (9.6%) | 0.423‡ |
| Perivascular location | 12 (7.0%) | 5 (14.3%) | 5 (11.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0.167‡ |
| Characteristics per procedure | |||||
| Number of procedures | 114 | 22 | 32 | 60 | |
| Tumor number, > 1 | 37 (32.5%) | 7 (31.8%) | 8 (25.0%) | 22 (36.7%) | 0.397§ |
| Synchronous CRLM | 33 (28.9%) | 5 (22.7%) | 9 (28.1%) | 19 (31.7%) | 0.718‡ |
| Catheter-guidance | 98 (86.0%) | 20 (90.9%) | 26 (81.3%) | 52 (86.7%) | 0.589‡ |
| General anesthesia | |||||
| Mean propofol dose (mg), ± SD | 1160 ± 637 | ||||
| Mean rocuronium dose (mg), ± SD | 78 ± 46 | ||||
| Mean remifentanil dose (µg), ± SD | 2235 ± 1338 (n = 12) | ||||
| Mean sufentanil dose (µg), ± SD | 20 ± 12 (n = 10) | ||||
| Midazolam sedation | |||||
| Mean midazolam dose (mg), ± SD | 4.5 ± 2.1 | ||||
| Mean fentanyl dose (µg), ± SD | 205 ± 102 | ||||
| Propofol sedation | |||||
| Mean propofol dose (mg), ± SD | 706 ± 344 | ||||
| Mean alfentanil dose (µg), ± SD | 372 ± 197 (n = 54) | ||||
| Mean remifentanil dose (µg), ± SD | 248 ± 84 (n = 6) | ||||
| Mean esketamine dose (mg), ± SD | 18.6 ± 10.3 | ||||
Values are reported as number (with or without percentage; %) or dose
ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists score, CRLM colorectal liver metastases, F female, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, kg kilogram, M male, mg milligram, mm millimeter, µg microgram, min minutes, VAS visual analog scale, y year
*median (interquartile range, IQR) or †mean (standard deviation, ± SD)
‡Pearson χ2 test between groups; §Kruskal–Wallis test