Table 1.
Characteristics of the Study Population (N = 315).
| Characteristics | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Education n (%) | |
| Primary and vocational | 65 (20.63) |
| Secondary | 119 (37.78) |
| Higher | 131 (41.59) |
| Smoking determined by cotinine level n (%) | |
| No | 224 (71.11) |
| Yes | 91 (28.89) |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ) n (%) | |
| <25 | 106 (33.65) |
| ⩾25 | 209 (66.35) |
| Mean (SD) | 26.8 ± 3.4 |
| Median (min–max) | 27.6 (18.3–39.5) |
| Duration of couple’s infertility (years) n (%) | |
| 1–2 | 120 (38.10) |
| 2–3 | 104 (33.01) |
| 3–5 | 45 (14.29) |
| >5 | 46 (14.60) |
| Past diseases that may have an impact on semen quality n (%) | |
| No | 276 (87.62) |
| Yes | 39 (12.38) |
| Abstinence (days) n (%) | |
| <3 | 11 (3.49) |
| 3–7 | 242 (76.82) |
| >7 | 16 (5.08) |
| Missing data | 46 (14.60) |
| Mean (SD) | 5.0 ± 2.3 |
| Median (min–max) | 5.0 (0.0–20.0) |
| Age (years) | |
| Mean (SD) | 32.14 (4.23) |
| Median (min–max) | 31.60 (22.01–44.26) |
| Alcohol use n (%) | |
| None or <1 drink/week | 104 (33.01) |
| 1–3 drinks/week | 163 (51.75) |
| Every day | 48 (15.24) |
Note. Past diseases that may have impact on semen quality—mumps, cryptorchidism, testes surgery, testes trauma. BMI = body mass index.