Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Author | Patients | Intervention | NIV duration | Standard therapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jiang 1999 | After extubation of the patients who required MV | BiPAP (initial IPAP 12 cm H2O and EPAP 5 cm H2O) | 72 hours with temporary interruption up to 2 hours | Oxygen therapy by face mask or nasal cannula at 2–15 l/m |
| Keenan 2002 | Postextubation respiratory distress | BiPAP (initial IPAP 9 cm H2O and EPAP 4 cm H2O) | Continuously for 12 hours followed by unassisted breathing for increasing duration | Supplemental oxygen |
| Esteban 2004 | Postextubation respiratory failure | NIV-PSV to achieve a Vt >5 mL/ kg of body weight and a RR <25 breaths/ minute | 4 hours continuously and discontinuation by attending physician | Supplemental oxygen |
| Nava 2005 | Patients who are at risk of extubation failure | NIV pressure support with PEEP | NIV was withdrawn after 48 hours in patients were clinically stable | Supplemental oxygen to maintain SaO2 >92% |
| Ferrer 2006 | Patients who are at risk of extubation failure | BiPAP (mean IPAP 14 cm H2O and EPAP 5 cm H2O) | Continuously for 24 hours followed by oxygen therapy | Oxygen by Venturi mask |
| Ferrer 2009 | Patients with chronic respiratory disorder with hypercapnia during SBT | BiPAP (IPAP 12–20 cm H2O and EPAP 5–6 cm H2O) | Continuously for 24 hours followed by oxygen therapy | Oxygen by Venturi mask |
| Girault 2011 | After extubation of the patients with acute respiratory failure | NIV-PSV or BiPAP | NIV was discontinued when, required <6 hours/day or respiratory stability with standard oxygen therapy for at least 12 hours | Standard oxygen therapy to maintain SaO2 ≥90% |
| Khilnani 2011 | After extubation of the patients with acute exacerbation of COPD | BiPAP (initial IPAP 8 cm H2O and EPAP 4 cm H2O) | 7 hours per day | Oxygen by nasal prongs or mask |
| Su 2012 | After extubation of the patients who required mechanical ventilation for >48 hours | BiPAP (initial IPAP 10–12 cm H2O and EPAP 5 cm H2O) | Patients were allowed to have unassisted breathing intermittently at increasing intervals after 12 h of NIV | Supplemental oxygen by mask to maintain SpO2 ≥92% |
| Ornico 2013 | After extubation of the patients with acute respiratory failure | BiPAP (initial IPAP 8 cm H2O and EPAP 4 cm H2O) | Continuously for 24 hours | Supplemental oxygen by face mask at 5 l/min |
| Vargas 2017 | After extubation of the patients with chronic respiratory diseases | NIV pressure support (initial PEEP 4 cm H2O) | NIV was used for 1 hour every 3 hours and at least 6 hours/day | Standard oxygen therapy targeting SaO2 ≥90% |
NIV, Noninvasive ventilation; MV, mechanical ventilation; BiPAP, Bi-level positive airway pressure; NIV-PSV, Noninvasive pressure support ventilation; Vt, tidal volume; RR, Respiratory rate; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SBT, spontaneous breathing trial