Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Participants
| Characteristics | All Participants |
|---|---|
| Age, yr | 70.2 ± 8.7 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 15 of 16 (93.8) |
| Race, n | |
| White | 14 |
| Black | 2 |
| Ethnicity, n | |
| Non-Hispanic | 14 |
| Hispanic | 2 |
| Height, cm | 175 ± 8 |
| Weight, kg | 97.8 ± 29.6 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.16 ± 0.37 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.4 ± 8.0 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 130 ± 24 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71 ± 7 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 81 ± 13 |
| Pulmonary hypertension group, n | |
| Group 1 | 2 |
| Group 2 | 6 |
| Group 3 | 6 |
| Group 4 | 1 |
| Group 5 | 0 |
| Uncertain | 1 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 9 of 16 (56.2) |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 4 of 16 (25.0) |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 5 of 16 (31.2) |
| Obstructive sleep apnea, n (%) | 7 of 16 (43.8) |
| Systemic hypertension, n (%) | 12 of 16 (75.0) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 8 of 16 (50) |
| Pulmonary fibrosis, n (%) | 1 of 16 (6.2) |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | 3 of 16 (18.8) |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.96 ± 0.21 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/min | 58.1 ± 4.6 |
| Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, cm | 2.1 ± 0.05 |
| Right atrial pressure, mm Hg | 10 ± 4 |
| Pulmonary artery pressure, mm Hg | 31 ± 7 |
| Pulmonary artery pressure, mm Hg, mean range | 22–45 |
| Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, mm Hg | 15 ± 3 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 2.4 ± 0.6 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, Wood units | 3.1 ± 1.3 |
| Systemic vascular resistance, dyn · s/cm−5 | 1,593 ± 656 |
| LV end-systolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 23.8 ± 7.7 |
| LV end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 57.2 ± 17.7 |
| LV ejection fraction, % | 58 ± 7 |
| LV mass, g | 152 ± 41 (n = 15) |
| LV mass indexed to height, g/m | 85.9 ± 20.8 (n = 15) |
| Pulmonary artery pulse wave velocity, m/s | 3.31 ± 1.00 |
| Pulmonary artery stroke volume, ml | 119.6 ± 57.2 |
| Pulmonary artery relative area change | 0.17 ± 0.10 |
| RV end-systolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 35.9 ± 17.4 |
| RV end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA, ml/m2 | 65.9 ± 22.0 |
| RV ejection fraction, % | 46 ± 12 |
| RV mass, g | 50.7 ± 16.7 (n = 13) |
| RV mass indexed to height, g/m | 28.8 ± 8.8 (n = 13) |
| RV extracellular volume fraction | 0.38 ± 0.07 |
Definition of abbreviations: BSA = body surface area; LV = left ventricular; RV = right ventricular.
Data are shown as mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. n = 16 unless otherwise specified.