Table 4.

Risk Factors and Populations at Risk

Research Topic in ICI-Pneumonitis	Possible Risk Factors
Patient factors	• Age, race/ethnicity, and sex
	• Underlying lung disease other than malignancy
	• Preexisting autoimmune disease
	• Smoking history
Tumor features	• Histology
	• Microbiome
	• Tumor biology, mutations, and surface markers
Treatment factors	• Prior treatments (chemotherapy, radiation, and TKIs)
	• Concurrent and sequential therapy
	• Concurrent corticosteroids
	• Adjuvant therapies
Biomarkers and biologic mechanisms	• Cytokines and chemokines
	• Local and systemic immune response
	• Immunosuppressive disease or treatment

Definition of abbreviations: ICI = immune checkpoint inhibitor; TKI = tyrosine kinase inhibitor.