Table 3.

Significantly enriched upregulated (upward arrows) and downregulated (downward arrows) pathways relative to the optimal growth temperature in the colder- (CCMP158) and warmer-adapted (CCMP160) Chaetoceros species

Biological processes	KEGG pathway and BRITE categories	CCMP158			CCMP160
		T sub	T max	T sup	T sub	T max	T sup
Amino acid metabolism	Amino acid related enzymes [BR:ko01007]a		I	↓
	Lysine biosynthesis [PATH:ko00300]b						↓
	Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation [PATH:ko00280]c				↓	I
Carbohydrate metabolism	Citrate cycle (TCA cycle) [PATH:ko00020]	↑
	Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis [PATH:ko00010]	↑
Energy metabolism	Photosynthesis [PATH:ko00195]		I	↓
	Photosynthesis proteins [BR:ko00194]		I	↓
	Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism [PATH:ko00860]		I	↓
Lipid metabolism	Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids [PATH:ko01040]		I
	Fatty acid biosynthesis [PATH:ko00061]		I	↓
	Fatty acid degradation [PATH:ko00071]				↓	I
	Lipid biosynthesis protein [BR:ko01004]d		I	↓
Folding, sorting, and degradation	Chaperones and folding catalysts [BR:ko03110]	↓		↓	↓	I
	Proteasome [BR:ko03051]		I	↓	↓	I
	Proteasome [PATH:ko03050]		I		↓	I
	Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum [PATH:ko04141]	↓					↑
	Ubiquitin system [BR:ko04121]						↑
	Peptidases [BR:ko01002]				↓	I
Cell growth and death	Cell cycle—yeast [PATH:ko04111]		D	↑
	DNA repair and recombination proteins [BR:ko03400]			↑
Transcription and translation	Spliceosome [BR:ko03041]				↑	D
	Spliceosome [PATH:ko03040]				↑	D
	Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis [PATH:ko00970]		I	↓
	Ribosome [BR:ko03011]		I	↓
	Ribosome [PATH:ko03010]		I	↓
	Ribosome biogenesis [BR:ko03009]				↑	D
	Ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes [PATH:ko03008]				↑	D
	RNA transport [PATH:ko03013]		I	↓
	Translation factors [BR:ko03012]		I	↓

Invested (I) and divested (D) pathways are identified as described in the “Materials and methods”. The counts of KO IDs in each pathway and the p-value for each pathway are in Supplementary dataset 2

^aIncludes aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and aminotransferases (transaminases)

^bLysine biosynthesis from L-aspartate is downregulated

^cThe pathway for the generation of acetyl-CoA is invested

^dIncludes fatty acid synthases, fatty acid elongases, fatty acid desaturases, Acyl-CoA synthetase, and phospholipid acyltransferase