Table 1.
Summary of the included studies for quantitative synthesis.
| Study | Study design | Duration of following-up (by echocardiogram) | Study duration | Study location | Population sample size | Total number of CAA | Diagnostic criteria of KD | Diagnostic criteria of CAA | Define of IVIG-resistant KD | Risk factors | Method of statistical analysis | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeo et al. (15) | Case-control | At least 2 months | 2001–2006 | Korea | 136 | 16 | AHA2004 | JMH | ND | Days of fever, number of symptoms | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Hamza et al. (16) | Case-control | Eight weeks | 2012–2016 | Egypt | 64 | 34 | AHA2017 | Z score | ND | Platelet count | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Wilder et al. (17) | Case-control | ND | 1991–2002 | America | 324 | 21 | AHA2004 | Z score | ND | Diagnosis after illness day 10 | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Weng et al. (18) | Cohort study | Eight weeks | 1993–2009 | Taiwan | 2,116 | 81 | AHA2004 | JMH | Fever for 3 days after initial IVIG | Neutrophil count,Dose of IVIG, platelet count | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Tajima et al. (19) | Case-control | 1 month | 2006–2012 | Japan | 100 | 13 | JKDRC | JMH | A second Dose IVIG | Delayed IVIG (≥6 days), IVIG-resistant | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Song et al. (20) | Case-control | At least 2 months | 2001–2007 | Korea | 221 | 30 | AHA2004 | JMH | fever for 2 days after initial IVIG | Number of symptoms, Post-IVIG fever, Harada score | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Sabharwal et al. (21) | Case-control | 6–8 weeks | 1990–2007 | Canada | 1,374 | 266 | AHA2004 | JMH | Absence of fever within 36 h after initial IVIG | Age, male, duration of fever before diagnosis, albumin level, hemoglobin level, platelet count, IVIG-resistant | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
| Ruan et al. (22) | Case-control | 1 month | 2003–2009 | China | 1,370 | 486 | AHA2004 | JMH | ND | Age (<6 months), Male, Time of IVIG, IVIG dose, platelet count and ESR | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Qiu et al. (23) | Cohort study | ND | 2009–2014 | China | 930 | 179 | Similar to JKDRC | Chinese literatures criteria | ND | Treatment time, treatment time 10 days | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Patel et al. (24) | Case-control | ND | 1994–2008 | Denmark | 284 | 37 | Similar to AHA2004 | AHA | ND | Age, male, time of IVIG (>10 days) | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Kim et al. (25) | Case-control | At least 2 months. | 2001–2005 | Korea | 285 | 19 | AHA2001 | JMH | ND | Total days of fever >8 days | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Young et al. (26) | Cohort study | 6–8 weeks | 2005–2013 | Korea | 703 | 266 | AHA2004 | Z score | Received more than one dose of IVIG | Male, fever duration (≥8 days), CRP (≥7 mg/dl), WBC count (>12 ×103/μL) | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
| Ghelani et al. (27) | Case-control | ND | 2000–2002 and 2007–2009 | America | 203 | 33 | AHA2004 | Z score or JMH | Fever after one dose of IVIG and administration of additional IVIG or use of corticosteroids or TNF-alpha blockers | ESR, refractory Kawasaki disease | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Chen et al. (28) | Case-control | 1 month | 2008–2012 | China | 2,302 | 365 | JKDRC | JMH | ND | Male, age (≤ 1 year), IVIG unresponsiveness, time of IVIG | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Lega et al. (29) | Case-control | 6–8 weeks | 1988–2007 | France | 194 | 64 | AHA2004 | AHA | Fever ≥36 h after complete IVIG infusion | Male, Age, PE, Hemoglobin level, IVIG resistance | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Boudiaf and Achir (30) | Case-control | 4–6 weeks | 2005–2014 | Algeria | 133 | 30 | AHA2004 | Z score | ND | Duration of fever (>10 days), platelet count (>450,000/mm3.) | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
| Berdej-Szczot et al. (9) | Case-control | No clear description | 2003–2016 | Poland | 73 | 13 | AHA | AHA | Fever >36 h after IVIG | Delay diagnosis, platelet count, additional symptom | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
| Kim et al. (31) | Case-control | ND | 2012–2014 | Korea | 5,151 | 524 | AHA2004 | JMH | A second dose of IVIG | CRP | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Xu et al. (32) | Case-control | 3 months | 2009–2012 | China | 422 | 83 | JKDRC | Chinese literatures Criteria | ND | RDW (>14.55%), IVIG resistance,Fever duration (>14 days) | Logistic regression analysis | 8 |
| Callinan et al. (33) | Case-control | ND | 2000–2009 | America | 1,843 | 341 | Similar to AHA2004 | AHA | ND | Male, age, race, time of IVIG (>5 days) | Logistic regression analysis | 7 |
| Kim et al. (34) | Cohort study | 3 months | ND | Korea | 8,456 | 1,560 | AHA2004 | Z score or JMH | Existence of second-line treatment | Male, age, fever duration, incomplete presentation, recurrent illness, high/medium-dose ASA, non-response to first-line treatment, total bilirubin, CRP | Logistic regression analysis | 6 |
NOS, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale; AHA, American Heart Association; JMH, Japanese Ministry of Health; ND, no description; Z score, body surface area adjusted z-scores; JKDRC, Japan Kawasaki Disease Research Committee; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PE, pericardial effusion; CRP, C-reactive protein; RWD, red blood cell distribution width.