Fig. 4.

Comparison of PL and EL characteristics. a Two-dimensional plots showing time evolution of emission spectra from an individual CsPbBr₃ NC aggregate, excited by light (top), charge recombination (middle), and combination of both (bottom). The scheme on the right explains the observations. b, c Time-traces of emission intensity obtained from two different single aggregates during switching of the excitation modes. PL was excited at 485 nm with 26 W cm⁻², EL with bias of 14 V. d Correlation plot of 37 NCs that were active in both PL and EL (orange), in PL only (green), and in EL only (red). e Distribution of the ratio of EL and PL intensity, each integrated over the measurement time of 40 s