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. 2019 Oct 3;10:4491. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12472-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — In vivo function of islet organoids. a Blood glucose measurements. ****p < 0.0001 IC-hAEC (blue squares, n = 25) vs IC (magenta circles, n = 25), *p IC vs, hAEC (gray triangles, n = 5), ****p < 0.0001 IC-hAEC vs hAEC, one-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. b Percentage of cured mice after islet spheroid transplantation. c. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests. **p < 0.01 IC-hAEC (blue squares, n = 10) vs IC (magenta circles, n = 10), one-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Gray squares diabetic non-transplanted controls, gray circles non- diabetic, non-transplanted controls. d, e Insulin-positive area of each group visualized by the immunostaining and its percentage per given area 4 months after transplantation. ****p < 0.0003, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 3. Scale bars = 500 μm. f Rat insulin mRNA levels in retrieved grafts after marginal islet spheroid transplantation. Insulin mRNA was analyzed by qPCR, and data presented as arbitrary units (AU) after normalization to housekeeping genes. *p < 0.01 vs IC group, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 3. All data shown are means ± SEM