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. 2019 Oct 3;10:4491. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12472-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — The mechanisms of the enhanced vascularization and improved function of the IC-hAEC grafts. a The graft-bearing kidneys stained for VEGF-A and insulin at day 14 after transplantation. Scale bars = 100 μm. b The mean VEGF-A expression per insulin-positive area, ****p < 0.0001 vs IC group, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 10. c VEGF-A mRNA expressed by IC and IC + hAEC spheroids as analyzed by qPCR, data presented as arbitrary units (AU) after normalization to housekeeping genes, with the IC group set to, **p < 0.001 vs IC group, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 3. d Representative images of the grafts labeled for collagen IV, laminin and insulin. Scale bars = 100 μm. e, f The Col IV-positive and the laminin-positive areas were calculated as a percentage of the graft area, ****p < 0.0001 vs IC group, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 10. g, h Expression of E-cadherin as analyzed by immunohistochemistry in the graft site was considerably upregulated in the IC-hAEC group. Scale bars = 100 μm. ****p < 0.0001 vs IC group, unpaired Student’s t test, n = 10. All data shown are mean ± SEM