. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Periodontal Res. 2019 Apr 29;54(5):525–532. doi: 10.1111/jre.12656

Table 3.

Odds for worsening of clinical and radiographic outcomes (RCAL, ABH and ABD) over two years, in groups with circulating levels of MMP-9 in the second and third tertiles, compared to odds of worsening in group with circulating MMP-9 levels in lowest (first) tertile.

		Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI (in parentheses) for worsening of clinical and radiographic outcomes over 24 months since baseline
Comparison		RCAL	ABH	ABD
				Smokers^* (n=23)	Non-smokers^* (n=90)
Concurrent Levels of MMP-9	2^nd tertile vs 1^st	OR= 0.79 (0.50, 1.27) p=0.34	OR=0.78 (0.48, 1.26) p=0.31	*OR=6.07* *(2.05, 18.00)* *p=0.0011*	OR=1.09 (0.60, 1.96) p=0.78
Concurrent Levels of MMP-9	3^rd tertile vs 1^st	OR= 1.00 (0.64, 1.55) p=0.99	OR=0.91 (0.58, 1.42) p=0.68	*OR=11.78* *( 4.13,33.64)* *p<0.0001*	OR=1.71 (0.96, 3.01) p=0.066
Baseline levels of MMP-9	2^nd tertile vs 1^st	OR=1.24 (0.81, 1.92) p=0.32	OR=1.36 (0.88, 2.10) p=0.17	*OR=10.17* *( 4.94, 20.95)* *p<0.0001*	OR=1.59 (0.87, 2.88) p=0.13
Baseline levels of MMP-9	3^rd tertile vs 1^st	OR=0.91 (0.57, 1.44) p=0.68	OR=0.88 (0.55, 1.41) p=0.60	*OR=5.86* *(2.24, 15.58)* *p=0.0003*	OR=1.15 (0.65, 2.05) p=0.63

Significant associations (p<0.01) between measures of RCAL, ABH and ABD, and serum levels of MMP-9, are noted in italics. All associations were examined for effect modification by treatment group, time since menopause, and smoking status. Because adjustment for these covariates did not affect model estimates, unadjusted odds ratios are presented.

Multivariable models of alveolar bone density (ABD) detected effect modification between smoking status and both concurrent measures of MMP-9 levels (p=0.0329) and baseline measures of MMP-9 (p=0.0109). Therefore, analyses that relate ABD to measures of MMP-9 are stratified by smoking status.