Table I:

Common human disease states associated with Aspergillus.

Disease:	Clinical syndromes:	Common patient populations and notes:
Invasive aspergillosis (tissue-invasive hyphae ± angioinvasion)	Pneumonia and systemic disease; CNS most common site of dissemination	Patients with acute leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia, and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients; lung and heart transplant recipients Most common species: A. fumigatus (~60–70%), A. flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. ustus, A. lentulus, A. nidulans (only in chronic granulomatous disease patients)
Aspergillus keratitis	Ocular disease caused by hyphal growth in humans with corneal damage	Agricultural workers in resource-limited countries
Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (hyphae in pre-existing lung cavity)	Pneumonia, typically observed with structural lung disease	Chronic obstructive lung disease, bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis, previously treated tuberculosis
Aspergillus-associated allergic disease	Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), extrinsic allergic alveolitis	ABPA occurs primarily in patients with atopic asthma and cystic fibrosis