Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Medicare Advantage and Traditional Medicare LEJR Discharges Before the Implementation of Mandatory Bundled Payment Program, 2013 to 2015a.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicare Advantage | Traditional Medicare | |||
| Bundled Payment Hospitals | Control Hospitals | Bundled Payment Hospitals | Control Hospitals | |
| MSAs, No. | 74 | 119 | 74 | 119 |
| Hospitals, No. | 597 | 717 | 597 | 717 |
| Discharges, No. | 151 592 | 179 490 | 306 754 | 423 616 |
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Age, mean, y | 73.52 | 73.33 | 73.82 | 73.63 |
| Male | 52 602 (34.7) | 63 414 (35.3) | 109 266 (35.6) | 152 078 (35.9) |
| White | 130 687 (86.2) | 156 228 (87.0) | 273 747 (89.2) | 382 991 (90.4) |
| Metro residence | 140 783 (92.9) | 157 897 (88.0) | 262 336 (85.5) | 350 500 (82.7) |
| Entitlement disability | 28 575 (18.9) | 34 677 (19.3) | 51 228 (16.7) | 71 125 (16.8) |
| Dual enrollment in Medicaid | 21 268 (14.0) | 23 082 (12.9) | 39 909 (13.0) | 48 758 (11.5) |
| Total condition categories | 1.89 | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.86 |
| Procedure characteristics | ||||
| LEJR with complications | 6928 (4.6) | 7718 (4.3) | 15 982 (5.2) | 19 995 (4.7) |
| Fracture | 20 814 (13.7) | 23 495 (13.1) | 47 087 (15.4) | 60 026 (14.2) |
| Total knee | 87 726 (57.9) | 104 732 (58.4) | 169 727 (55.3) | 242 308 (57.2) |
| Total hip | 45 341 (29.9) | 54 403 (30.3) | 94 818 (30.9) | 128 906 (30.4) |
| Partial hip/knee | 17 842 (11.8) | 19 726 (11.0) | 40 338 (13.2) | 50 495 (11.9) |
| Discharge status | ||||
| Any institutional post–acute care | 66 458 (43.8) | 70 396 (39.2) | 141 199 (46.0) | 189 017 (44.6) |
| Skilled nursing facility | 59 045 (39.0) | 62 714 (35.0) | 111 168 (36.2) | 149 070 (35.2) |
| Inpatient rehabilitation | 6033 (4.0) | 5833 (3.3) | 25 767 (8.4) | 34 821 (8.2) |
| Long-term care hospital | 106 (0.1) | 215 (0.1) | 368 (0.1) | 890 (0.2) |
| Other | 1289 (0.9) | 1615 (0.9) | 3865 (1.3) | 4236 (1.0) |
Abbreviations: LEJR, lower extremity joint replacement; MSA, metropolitan statistical area.
a
Counts of metropolitan statistical areas, hospitals, and discharges are unweighted; characteristic averages used MSA sample weights described in Barnett et al.4