Table 2. Characteristics of the study population according to daytime and clinical LUTS.
| Daytime LUTS | Clinical LUTS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daytime LUTS | No Daytime LUTS | Pe | Clinical LUTS | No Clinical LUTS | Pe | |
| (n = 459) | (n = 1,361) | (n = 235) | (n = 1,585) | |||
| Age (years) | 59.7 ± 12.1 | 55.9 ± 11.6 | <0.001 | 61.9 ± 12.2 | 56.1 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | 0.707 | 0.331 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 249 (54.2%) | 719 (52.8%) | 131 (55.7%) | 837 (52.8%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 91 (19.8%) | 261 (19.2%) | 48 (20.4%) | 304 (19.2%) | ||
| Mexican American | 79 (17.2%) | 237 (17.4%) | 40 (17.0%) | 276 (17.4%) | ||
| Other | 40 (8.7%) | 144 (10.6%) | 16 (6.8%) | 168 (10.6%) | ||
| Height (cm) | 174.2 ± 7.6 | 174.5 ± 7.6 | 0.487 | 174.2 ± 7.4 | 174.4 ± 7.6 | 0.704 |
| Weight (kg) | 88.3 ± 23.7 | 88.2 ± 18.9 | 0.934 | 89.1 ± 21.3 | 88.1 ± 20.0 | 0.512 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0 ± 7.5 | 28.9 ± 5.5 | 0.646 | 29.3 ± 6.3 | 28.9 ± 6.0 | 0.393 |
| BMI (%) | 0.625 | 0.310 | ||||
| Normal weight or underweight | 113 (24.6%) | 306 (22.5%) | 58 (24.7%) | 361 (22.8%) | ||
| Overweight | 189 (41.2%) | 584 (42.9%) | 89 (37.9%) | 684 (43.2%) | ||
| Obese | 157 (34.2%) | 471 (34.6%) | 88 (37.4%) | 540 (34.1%) | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 130.5 ± 20.3 | 129.3 ± 18.2 | 0.275 | 132.0 ± 21.7 | 129.2 ± 18.3 | 0.062 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.3 ± 14.0 | 74.0 ± 13.0 | 0.323 | 73.1 ± 14.6 | 74.0 ± 13.0 | 0.365 |
| Education <High school (%) | 147 (32.0%) | 399 (29.3%) | 0.273 | 88 (37.4%) | 458 (28.9%) | 0.008 |
| Household income, PIR (%) | 0.023 | <0.001 | ||||
| PIR<1 | 75 (16.3%) | 214 (15.7%) | 43 (18.3%) | 246 (15.5%) | ||
| 1 ≤PIR<3 | 202 (44.0%) | 511 (37.5%) | 114 (48.5%) | 599 (37.8%) | ||
| PIR ≥3 | 182 (39.7%) | 636 (46.7%) | 78 (33.2%) | 740 (46.7%) | ||
| Currently working (%) | 242 (52.7%) | 829 (60.9%) | 0.002 | 95 (40.4%) | 976 (61.6%) | <0.001 |
| Married or living with partner (%) | 322 (70.2%) | 1,003 (73.7%) | 0.146 | 163 (69.4%) | 1,162 (73.3%) | 0.204 |
| Insured (%) | 377 (82.1%) | 1,088 (79.9%) | 0.305 | 194 (82.6%) | 1,271 (80.2%) | 0.393 |
| Binge drinker (%) | 137 (29.8%) | 361 (26.5%) | 0.167 | 78 (33.2%) | 420 (26.5%) | 0.032 |
| Cigarette smoking (%) | 0.027 | 0.001 | ||||
| Current | 120 (26.1%) | 336 (24.7%) | 65 (27.7%) | 391 (24.7%) | ||
| Past | 186 (40.5%) | 478 (35.1%) | 106 (45.1%) | 558 (35.2%) | ||
| Never | 153 (33.3%) | 547 (40.2%) | 64 (27.2%) | 636 (40.1%) | ||
| Hypertension (%) | 257 (56.0%) | 643 (47.2%) | 0.001 | 143 (60.9%) | 757 (47.8%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (%) | 75 (16.3%) | 184 (13.5%) | 0.135 | 46 (19.6%) | 213 (13.4%) | 0.012 |
| CAD (%) | 46 (10.0%) | 87 (6.4%) | 0.010 | 26 (11.1%) | 107 (6.8%) | 0.018 |
| CHF (%) | 31 (6.8%) | 51 (3.7%) | 0.007 | 24 (10.2%) | 58 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| COPD (%) | 53 (11.5%) | 91 (6.7%) | 0.001 | 31 (13.2%) | 113 (7.1%) | 0.001 |
| Cancer (%) | 41 (8.9%) | 88 (6.5%) | 0.075 | 29 (12.3%) | 100 (6.3%) | 0.001 |
| Sleep disorder (%) | 42 (9.2%) | 116 (8.5%) | 0.680 | 23 (9.8%) | 135 (8.5%) | 0.519 |
| Depression (%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Mild (PHQ-9 Score of 5–9) | 75 (16.3%) | 137 (10.1%) | 50 (21.3%) | 162 (10.2%) | ||
| Moderate (PHQ-9 Score of 10–14) | 36 (7.8%) | 36 (2.6%) | 24 (10.2%) | 48 (3.0%) | ||
| Moderately Severe to Severe (PHQ-9 Score of ≥ 15) | 15 (3.3%) | 23 (1.7%) | 10 (4.3%) | 28 (1.8%) | ||
Notes.
Data are presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables.
BMI body mass index, CAD coronary artery disease, CHF congestive heart failure, CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, OR odds ratio, SBP systolic blood pressure, PHQ-9 9-item patient health questionnaire, PIR poverty to income ratio, LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms.
BMI was divided into three groups: normal weight or underweight (BMI <25 kg/m 2), overweight (BMI = 25 to <30 kg/m 2), and obese (BMI ≤30 kg/m 2).
Defined as having ever consumed five drinks or more of any kind of alcoholic beverage almost every day.
Defined as use of antihypertensive medication or a reported blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg.
Defined as self-reported diabetes diagnosed by a health professional (all adults) or a hemoglobin A1c level ≥6.5%.
P-value calculated using the t-test (continuous data) or chi-square test (categorical data).