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. 2019 Jul 2;1(1):vdz012. doi: 10.1093/noajnl/vdz012

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press, the Society for Neuro-Oncology and the European Association of Neuro-Oncology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 3. — Neuroinflammation and demyelination observed at 12 months after cranial radiotherapy (CRT). (A) CRT brain sections immunostained for markers of inflammation; TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha, red) and GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein, green). (B) Reduction in corpus callosum (CC) thickness after CRT as visualized using myelin basic protein (MBP) staining. (C and D) An increase in TNFα+ and GFAP+ cells was found following CRT versus Sham. (E and F) Quantification of activated microglia (IBA-1 and TNFα) showed increase in CRT brains. *P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01.