ROI results. Outcome-related nucleus accumbens activation plotted against (a) age and (b) puberty (PDS = Pubertal Development Scale). Note: the two female participants with the highest activation parameters (i.e., parameter estimate > 8) were not outliers according to their Mahalanobis distance based on their age, IQ, mean PDS score, and task behavior. However, results remained significant even after removal of these two participants (F (1, 71) = 4.7, p = 0.034).