Table 1.
Targeted agents studied in urothelial carcinoma
| Agent | Target | Agent | Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| Angiogenesis inhibitors | EGFR inhibitors | ||
| Aflibercept | VEGF, PDGF | Cetuximab | EGFR |
| Bevacizumab | VEGF | Erlotinib | EGFR |
| Cabozantinib | VEGFR/cMET | Gefitinib | EGFR |
| Everolimus | PI3K/Akt/mTOR | Lapatinib | HER2/EGFR |
| Lenalidomide | Apoptosis, antiangiogenesis, immune modulation | Trastuzumab | HER2 |
| Pazopanib | VEGFR1/2/3, PDGFR a/b, c-Kit | Panitumumab | EGFR |
| PF-03446962 | TGFbR/ALK1 | Vandetanib | VEGFR, EGFR, RET |
| rAD-IFN/Syn3 | Antiangiogenesis and immune modulation | ||
| Ramucirumab | VEGFR2 | Hormone-associated | |
| Sorafenib | B-Raf, c-Raf, VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-b | AEZS-108 | LHRH linked to doxorubicin |
| Sunitinib | VEGFR-1/2, C-KIT, PDGFR a/b, FLT3, RET | Tamoxifen | ER-B |
| Temsirolimus | mTOR | ||
| TRC105 | CD105 | ||
| Trebananib | Ang1, Ang2 | ||
| Immune therapy | Other targets | ||
| ALT-801 | p53 | Apaziquone | Mitomycin-C analogue, apoptosis |
| ASG-15ME | SLITRK6 | BKM120 | PI3K |
| CDX-1307 | Dendritic-cell vaccine hCG-B | Bortezomib | Proteasome inhibitor |
| Dendritic-cell vaccine | Ad/HER2/neu | Dasatinib | BCR/ABL and Src |
| DN24–02 | HER2 vaccine | Dovitinib | FGFR3 |
| DTA-H19/PEI | DNA plasmid, DT-A gene, H19 transcription factors | Eribulin | Tubulin |
| HS-410 | gp96-chaperoned peptides | Lonafarnib | Farnesyl transferase |
| Ipilimumab | CTLA-4 | OGX-427 | HSP27 |
| PANVAC | MUC-1, CEA | Oportuzumab monatox | EpCAM |
| recMAGE-A3 þ AS15 | MAGE-A3 vaccine | Valproic acid | Thrombospondin-1 |
| Rituximab | CD20 | Volasertib | Polo-like kinase 1 |
| TMX-101 | TLR-7 | Vorinostat (SAHA) | SAHA: histone deacetylase |
CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; DT-A, diphtheria toxin A; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule; ER, estrogen receptor; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; HSP27, heat shock protein 27; LHRH, leutinizing hormone-releasing hormone; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; P13K, phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases; PR, progesterone receptor; SAHA, suberanilohydroxamic acid; SLITRK6, SLIT and TRK-like family member 6; TLR, toll-like receptor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor