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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 4.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Oncol. 2014 May;26(3):305–320. doi: 10.1097/CCO.0000000000000064

Table 5.

Reported and ongoing trials of targeted agents as second-line therapy in metastatic bladder cancer

Table 5a. Reported trials of targeted agents with chemotherapy as second-line therapy in metastatic bladder cancer

Author Year Agent Target Chemotherapy Study type n RR% OS (months)
Theodore [93] 2005 Lonafarnib Farnesyltransferase Gemcitabine Phase II 31 32 NR
Choueiri [91] 2012 Vandetanib VEGFR, EGFR, RET Docetaxel and vandetanib Randomized phase II 142 7 5.56
Docetaxel and placebo 11 7.39
Wong [92] 2012 Cetuximab EGFR Pactilaxel and cetuximab alone Randomized phase II 39 25 10.5
0 1.3
Table 5b. Reported trials of targeted agents with single-agent second-line therapy in metastatic bladder cancer

Author Year Agent Target Chemotherapy Study type n RR% OS (months)

Gomez-Abuin [94] 2007 Bortezomib Proteasome inhibitor None Phase II 20 0 NR
Rosenberg [96] 2008 Bortezomib Proteasome inhibitor None Phase II 25 0 5.7
Wulfing [97] 2009 Lapatinib HER2/EGFR None Phase II 59 3 4.5
Petrylak [98] 2009 Gefitinib EGFR None Phase II 31 3 3
Dreicer [90] 2009 Sorafenib B-Raf,c-Raf, VEGFR-2/3, PDGFR-b None Phase II 27 0 6.8
Gallagher [89] 2010 Sunitinib VEGFR-1/2, C-KIT, PDGFR a/b, FLT3, RET None Phase II 45 7 6.9
Twardowski [99] 2010 Aflibercept VEGF, PDGF None Phase II 22 4.5 NR
Cheung [100] 2010 Vorinostat SAHA: histone deacetylase None Phase II 14 0 4.3
Stadler [95] 2011 Volasertib Polo-like kinase 1 None Phase II 31 19 NR
Milowsky [101] 2011 Everolimus PI3K/Akt/mTOR None Phase II 45 5 10.5
Pili [102] 2011 Pazopanib VEGFR1/2/3, PDGFR a/b,c-Kit None Phase II 19 0 NR
Necchi [103] 2012 Pazopanib VEGFR1/2/3, PDGFR a/b,c-Kit None Phase II 41 17 4.7
Lerner [104] 2012 Tamoxifen ER-B None Phase II 28 NR NR
Milowsky [105] 2013 Dovitinib FGFR3 None Phase II 44 0 NR
Table 5c. Ongoing trials of targeted agents with chemotherapy as second-line therapy in metastatic bladder cancer

PI/group Start year Agent Target Chemotherapy Study type Target enrollment Clinicaltrials.gov ID
Quinn [107] 2011 Lapatinib HER2/EGFR Docetaxel Phase II 40 NCT01382706
ImClone [109] 2011 Ramucirumab VEGFR2 Docetaxel Three-arm randomized phase II 138 NCT01282463
Otto [110] 2011 Pazopanib VEGFR1/2/3, PDGFR a/b,c-Kit Vinflunine Phase I/II NR NCT01265940
Hahn [111] 2013 OGX-427 Hsp27 Docetaxel Randomized phase II 200 NCT01780545
Table 5d. Ongoing trials of targeted agents as single-agent second-line therapy in metastatic bladder cancer

PI/group Start year Agent Target Chemotherapy Study type Target enrollment Clinicaltrials.gov ID

Hoffman [112] 2001 Trastuzumab HER2 None Phase II 5 NCT02013765
Quinn [113] 2006 Eribulin Tubulin None Phase I/II, renal dysfunction 82 NCT00365157
Fowl es [106] 2009 Lapatinib HER2/EGFR None Randomized phase II/III 204 NCT00949455
Fernandez [114] 2010 AEZS-108 LHRH linked to doxorubicin None Phase I/II 64 NCT01234519
Apolo [115] 2011 TRC105 CD 105 None Phase II 45 NCT01328574
Bajorin [108] 2012 BKM120 PI3K None Phase II 35 NCT01551030
Apolo [116] 2012 Cabozantinib VEGFR/cMET None Phase II 55 NCT01688999
Necchi [117] 2012 PF-03446962 TGFβR/ALKl None Phase II 45 NCT01620970
Wood [53] 2013 Dendritic-cell vaccine Ad/HER2/neu None Phase I 65 NCT01730118
Agensys [118] 2013 ASG-15ME SLITRK6 None Phase I 45 NCT01963052

ALK1, activin receptor-like kinase 1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ER, estrogen receptor; FGFR, fibroblast growth factor receptor; HER, human epidermal growth factor receptor; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; n, number of patients enrolled; NR, not reported; OS, overall survival; PDGFR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor; PI, principal investigator; RR, response rate; SAHA, suberanilohydroxamic acid; TGFβR, transforming growth factor β receptor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.