. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Sustain Transp. 2018 Sep 23;13(9):652–663. doi: 10.1080/15568318.2018.1501519

Table 1.

Life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) categories and indicators

Impact categories/indicators		Description	Units
NRE	Non-renewable energy	Primary non-renewable fossil energy requirements	MJ_prim
GHG	Global warming	Emission of greenhouse gases	kg CO₂-eq
AC	Acidification	Evaluation of land acidifying substances	molc H⁺ eq
TE	Terrestrial eutrophication	Evaluation of land eutrophying substances	molc N eq
FE	Freshwater eutrophication	Fraction of nutrients reaching freshwater end compartment (P)	kg P eq
ME	Marine eutrophication	Fraction of nutrients reaching marine end compartment (N)	kg N eq
PM_2.5 intake	Particulate matter intake	Intake of particulate matter <2.5 μm	mg PM_2.5
PM_2.5 health	Health effects from human exposure to PM_2.5	Health effects (cardiopulmonary disease and lung cancer) associated with PM_2.5 exposure	DALY