Table 1.
Characteristics of patients on incident PD by time period relative to implementation of the expanded ESKD prospective payment system
| Variable | Prereform Period: 2008–2009 (n=10,585)a | Interim Period: 2010 (n=7832)a | Reform Period: 2011–2012 (n=18,742)a |
|---|---|---|---|
| % PD | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| Female (%) | 44 | 43 | 43 |
| Age, yr (%) | |||
| 18–39 | 14 | 13 | 14 |
| 40–64 | 52 | 52 | 52 |
| 65–74 | 20 | 21 | 21 |
| 75+ | 13 | 14 | 14 |
| Race (%) | |||
| White | 71 | 71 | 70 |
| Black | 21 | 22 | 22 |
| Asian | 5 | 5 | 6 |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Other/multiracial | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Hispanic (%) | 11 | 11 | 12 |
| Rural-urban commuting area (%) | |||
| Urban | 85 | 86 | 86 |
| Large rural | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Small rural | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Isolated rural | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Primary cause of ESKD (%) | |||
| Cystic kidney | 6 | 5 | 5 |
| Diabetes | 42 | 43 | 44 |
| Glomerulonephritis | 16 | 15 | 16 |
| Hypertension | 25 | 27 | 27 |
| Missing cause | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Other cause | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Other urologic | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Unknown cause | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| Diabetes, not cause | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Atherosclerotic disease | 15 | 15 | 13 |
| Cardiac failure | 18 | 18 | 17 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9 | 9 | 8 |
| Other cardiac condition | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| Tobacco use (%) | 6 | 7 | 6 |
| Needs help with ADLs (%) | 3 | 4 | 4 |
| Current employment (%) | 30 | 27 | 27 |
| Medicaid (%) | 14 | 14 | 15 |
| Pre-ESKD nephrology care (%) | |||
| Yes | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| No | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Unknown | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| BMI (%) | |||
| Underweight | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Normal | 28 | 28 | 27 |
| Overweight | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| Obese | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| Missing/OOR | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Albumin (g/dl) (%) | |||
| 1 to <3.1 | 16 | 16 | 17 |
| 3.1–3.4 | 15 | 15 | 14 |
| >3.4–5.5 | 47 | 46 | 45 |
| Missing/OOR | 22 | 23 | 23 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) (%) | |||
| 2 to <5 | 6 | 6 | 8 |
| 5–10 | 41 | 39 | 41 |
| >10–20 | 49 | 50 | 48 |
| Missing/OOR | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| Facility average number of prior patients on PD per year (%) | |||
| ≤5.5 | 15 | 19 | 23 |
| 5.5 to ≤14 | 19 | 19 | 21 |
| 14 to ≤24.2 | 22 | 21 | 18 |
| 24.2 to ≤43.4 | 22 | 20 | 19 |
| >43.4 | 22 | 20 | 18 |
PD, peritoneal dialysis; ADL, activities of daily living; BMI, body mass index; OOR, out of range.
a
Time period corresponds to when patients reached day 90 of ESKD.