Table 3.
Adjusted hazard ratios for PD patient outcomes
| Estimated Hazard Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Discontinuation of PD | Mortality | Combined Outcome: Discontinuation of PD or Mortality |
| Female | 0.89 (0.86 to 0.93) | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | 0.92 (0.90 to 0.95) |
| Age, yr (ref. 65–74 yr) | |||
| 18–39 | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.10) | 0.24 (0.21 to 0.28) | 0.78 (0.74 to 0.83) |
| 40–64 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.97) | 0.55 (0.52 to 0.59) | 0.79 (0.76 to 0.82) |
| 75+ | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12) | 1.61 (1.51 to 1.72) | 1.29 (1.24 to 1.35) |
| Race (ref. white) | |||
| Black | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.09) | 0.64 (0.59 to 0.69) | 0.92 (0.89 to 0.95) |
| Asian | 0.61 (0.56 to 0.67) | 0.46 (0.39 to 0.52) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.60) |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0.87 (0.75 to 1.02) | 0.76 (0.59 to 0.97) | 0.84 (0.73 to 0.95) |
| Pacific Islander | 0.77 (0.63 to 0.93) | 0.56 (0.40 to 0.77) | 0.70 (0.59–0.82) |
| Other/multiracial | 1.01 (0.73 to 1.35) | 0.60 (0.32 to 1.01) | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.12) |
| Hispanic | 0.77 (0.73 to 0.82) | 0.51 (0.46 to 0.56) | 0.69 (0.65 to 0.72) |
| Rural-urban commuting area (ref. urban) | |||
| Large rural | 1.05 (0.98 to 1.12) | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.22) | 1.07 (1.01 to 1.12) |
| Small rural | 1.02 (0.94 to 1.11) | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.11) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.08) |
| Isolated rural | 1.07 (0.97 to 1.18) | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.35) | 1.11 (1.03 to 1.20) |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.65 to 1.25) | 1.21 (0.80 to 1.75) | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.34) |
| BMI (ref. normal) | |||
| Underweight | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.23) | 1.38 (1.19 to 1.60) | 1.19 (1.08 to 1.31) |
| Overweight | 1.02 (0.97 to 1.07) | 0.83 (0.77 to 0.88) | 0.95 (0.92 to 0.99) |
| Obese | 1.22 (1.16 to 1.27) | 0.85 (0.80 to 0.91) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13) |
| Missing/OOR | 1.29 (1.06 to 1.55) | 1.05 (0.75 to 1.41) | 1.20 (1.01 to 1.41) |
| Pre-ESKD nephrology care (ref. no) | |||
| Yes | 0.94 (0.89 to 0.99) | 0.84 (0.77 to 0.91) | 0.91 (0.87 to 0.95) |
| Unknown | 0.96 (0.88 to 1.04) | 1.13 (0.99 to 1.28) | 1.01 (0.94 to 1.09) |
| Albumin (ref. 3.1–3.4 g/dl) | |||
| 1 to <3.1 | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) | 1.18 (1.09 to 1.29) | 1.18 (1.12 to 1.24) |
| >3.4–5.5 | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.95) | 0.78 (0.72 to 0.84) | 0.86 (0.83 to 0.90) |
| Missing/OOR | 1.02 (0.96 to 1.08) | 0.91 (0.84 to 0.99) | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.03) |
| GFR (MDRD) (ref. 5–10 ml/min per 1.73 m2) | |||
| 2 to <5 | 1.00 (0.93 to 1.07) | 0.87 (0.76 to 1.00) | 0.97 (0.91 to 1.03) |
| >10–20 | 0.99 (0.95 to 1.02) | 0.98 (0.92 to 1.03) | 0.98 (0.95 to 1.01) |
| Missing/OOR | 0.98 (0.89 to 1.07) | 1.47 (1.32 to 1.62) | 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) |
| Diabetes | 1.28 (1.23 to 1.34) | 1.74 (1.61 to 1.87) | 1.39 (1.34 to 1.44) |
| Hypertension | 1.05 (1.00 to 1.10) | 1.21 (1.12 to 1.30) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.13) |
| Diabetes, not cause | 1.18 (1.11 to 1.25) | 1.43 (1.31 to 1.55) | 1.25 (1.19 to 1.31) |
| Atherosclerotic disease | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.04) | 1.17 (1.10 to 1.25) | 1.06 (1.02 to 1.10) |
| Cardiac failure | 1.10 (1.05 to 1.15) | 1.57 (1.48 to 1.67) | 1.26 (1.21 to 1.30) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 1.10 (1.02 to 1.18) | 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) | 1.12 (1.06 to 1.19) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.17) | 1.06 (1.01 to 1.11) |
| Other cardiac condition | 0.98 (0.93 to 1.03) | 1.28 (1.20 to 1.36) | 1.09 (1.05 to 1.14) |
| Tobacco use | 1.14 (1.07 to 1.22) | 1.17 (1.05 to 1.29) | 1.14 (1.08 to 1.21) |
| Needs help with ADLs | 1.19 (1.09 to 1.31) | 1.79 (1.63 to 1.96) | 1.43 (1.34 to 1.53) |
| Current employment | 0.90 (0.86 to 0.93) | 0.81 (0.75 to 0.88) | 0.88 (0.85 to 0.92) |
| Medicaid | 1.19 (1.14 to 1.25) | 1.09 (1.01 to 1.18) | 1.15 (1.11 to 1.20) |
Models were also adjusted for indicators of the 6-month time period in which patients reached day 90 of ESKD (as shown in Figure 1). For parameters with multiple groups (e.g., age), the group title row shows the P value of significance for the overall effect. PD, peritoneal dialysis; ref., reference; BMI, body mass index; OOR, out of range; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; ADL, activities of daily living.