Table 1. Baseline demographic characteristics of participants enrolled in Stage 1 (N = 77) and Stage 2 (N = 61).
| Stage 1 | Stage 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristic | All Participants (N = 77) | WOT (N = 41) | DOT (N = 20) | p-Valuea | |
| Age, years | Mean (SD) | 43 (17) | 41 (16) | 45 (17) | 0.26 |
| Male, N (%) | 44 (57%) | 21 (51%) | 12 (60%) | 0.25 | |
| Race, N (%) | African-American | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.96 |
| Asian | 32 (42%) | 17 (41%) | 8 (40%) | ||
| Pacific Islander | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| White | 30 (39%) | 14 (34%) | 8 (40%) | ||
| Unknownb | 13 (17%) | 9 (22%) | 4 (20%) | ||
| Ethnicity, N (%) | Hispanic/Latino | 38 (49%) | 21 (51%) | 11 (55%) | 1 |
| Not Hispanic/Latino | 36 (47%) | 18 (44%) | 8 (40%) | ||
| Unknown | 3 (4%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| Education, N (%) | Less than HS | 19 (25%) | 10 (24%) | 4 (20%) | 0.96 |
| HS/GED | 27 (35%) | 14 (35%) | 9 (45%) | ||
| Some college/technical | 20 (26%) | 10 (24%) | 5 (25%) | ||
| Bachelor’s | 8 (10%) | 5 (12%) | 2 (10%) | ||
| Advanced | 3 (4%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Employment, N (%) | Full-time | 21 (27%) | 12 (29%) | 6 (30%) | 0.69 |
| Part-time | 8 (10%) | 5 (12%) | 2 (10%) | ||
| Unemployed | 32 (42%) | 18 (44%) | 7 (35%) | ||
| Retired | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| Unable to work (disabled) | 12 (16%) | 6 (15%) | 4 (20%) | ||
| Average monthly household incomec, N (%) | ≤$100 | 20 (26%) | 10 (24%) | 7 (35%) | 0.42 |
| $101–$500 | 4 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (10%) | ||
| $501–$1,000 | 9 (12%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (10%) | ||
| $1,001–$2,000 | 13 (17%) | 8 (20%) | 3 (15%) | ||
| $2,001–$3,000 | 7 (9%) | 6 (15%) | 1 (5%) | ||
| $3,001–$4,000 | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| $4,001–$5,000 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| ≥$5,000 | 2 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Declined to answer | 21 (27%) | 12 (29%) | 5 (25%) | ||
aComparisons between WOT and DOT arms in Stage 2; Wilcoxon rank–sum test was used to compare age, Fisher’s exact test was used for other variables.
bUnknown includes 3 categories: “declined to answer,” “does not know,” and “not available.” The following categories are not shown because all had N = 0: American Indian, Native Alaskan, and Native Hawaiian.
cAll employment groups are included.
Abbreviations: DOT, directly observed therapy; GED, general education development; HS, high school; SD, standard deviation; WOT, wirelessly observed therapy.