Table 1.
Demographic and Cognitive Characteristics of Participants
| M | SD | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (71% female, 29% male) | 67.2 | 5.9 | 60.0–82.3 |
| Years education completed | 14.1 | 2.6 | 8.0–21.0 |
| Mother’s socioeconomic status | 5.6 | 2.4 | 1.0–10.0 |
| Late-life cognition | |||
| Mini-Mental State Examination | 28.3 | 1.5 | 24.0–30.0 |
| WRAT | 58.6 | 6.6 | 44.0–70.0 |
| Speed of processing | |||
| Trial Making Task – Part A | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.4–1.9 |
| Pattern Comparison Task | 26.6 | 5.0 | 16.0–40.0 |
| Memory functioning | |||
| RAVLT – Immediate Recall | 39.4 | 7.3 | 17.0–55.0 |
| RAVLT – Delayed Recall | 6.6 | 2.6 | 0–12.0 |
| Digit Span Backwards | 5.1 | 2.3 | 0–11.0 |
| Executive functioning | |||
| Trial Making Task – Part B | 2.0 | 0.2 | 1.7–2.6 |
| Stroop Color-Word | 3.1 | 0.1 | 2.9–3.3 |
| Variety of activities | |||
| Late life (# endorsed of 29) | 18.5 | 3.4 | 11.0–25.0 |
| Early life (# endorsed of 7) | 3.1 | 1.7 | 0–7.0 |
| Learning a foreign language (% endorsed) 15.1% | |||
| Playing a musical instrument | 31.2% | ||
| Scouting | 37.6% | ||
| Taking lessons | 46.2% | ||
| Playing team sports | 51.6% | ||
| Volunteering at church | 54.8% | ||
| Taking vacations | 68.8% | ||
Note: RAVLT = Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test. Log-transformed: Trial Making Task – Part A and Part B, Stroop Color-Word. N = 93.