Penalized regression analysis and bootstrapping were performed on the (6983) annotated lncRNAs and the identified lncRNAs across all group-wise comparisons (n = 18 human islet samples, categorized into 3 groups) as presented in A–C: (A) group 1 versus group 2, (B) group 1 versus group 3, and (C) group 2 versus group 3. (See Supplemental Table 4 for details; unequal-variance Student’s t test was used. Note: The lncRNA AC010987.5 was present at very low FPKM and hence is not shown in C.) *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Each red dot represents individual islet preparation. The horizontal line represents the mean while the polygons represent the estimated density of data (scatter plot). Two-tailed distribution, with 2-sample unequal-variance Student’s t test, was used to identify the difference for each lncRNA between each group-wise comparison. ROC curves: (D) group 1 versus group 2: MALAT1-1.1, MALAT1-9.1, and both MALAT1 variants (9.1 + 1.1); (E) group 1 versus group 3: MALAT1-1.1, MALAT1-2.1, MALAT1-9.1, and all the above 3 MALAT1 variants (1.1 + 2.1 + 9.1); (F) group 2 versus group 3: ENST00000450589.5 (GAS5), MALAT1-2.1, and both; GAS5 + MALAT1-2.1.