TABLE 4.

Ethical issues

Ethical Issue	n	%*
Obligation to provide non beneficial treatment	10	29
DNR	9	26
Parental decision making	8	23
Goals of care	7	20
Patient autonomy	5	14
Informed consent	3	9
Withdrawal/withholding of life sustaining therapy	3	9
Treatment refusal	2	6
Resource allocation	1	3
Truth telling	1	3
Advance directives	0	0
Confidentiality	0	0
Pain management	0	0
Other	6	17
Obligation to provide potentially toxic treatment with concern for inconsistent compliance	4	11
Principle of proportionality	2	6

^*Total exceeds 100% because most cases had > 1 ethical issue; mean = 1.5 ethical issues/case