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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: J AAPOS. 2019 Jun 20;23(4):200.e1–200.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.02.009

FIG 2.

FIG 2.

Graph shows mean score out of 5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP)-style content test questions given immediately before (pretest) and after (post-test) the classroom to ophthalmology residents at 4 institutions. Error bars show the standard deviation. Results compare the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom for all classes, the exotropia class and the esotropia class. Both class styles demonstrated a significant improvement in test scores between pretest and post-test (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, resp.). The post-test scores favored the flipped classroom style for exotropia (P= 0.001) but favored the traditional classroom for esotropia (P = 0.009).