Table 1.
Controlled studies testing the effects of MT on immune cell genomic markers
| Article | Main study purpose |
Analysis N |
Comparator | Participants | Intervention | Specimen/ Bioinformatics analysis |
Genomic findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black 2015 | Test effect of MM or sleep hygiene on sleep quality among older adults | 49 | Sleep hygiene education * | Community adults; 67% female; ages 66.3±7.4 years | MAPs; 6 weekly 2 hour group sessions | PBMC/TELi S Illumina HT 12 v4 BeadArrays | <NFkB (both groups) |
| Bower 2015 | Test effect of MM on stress and depressive symptoms amongwomen diagnosed with early stage breast cancer | 71 | Waiting list | Breast cancer patients; 100% female; ages 46.1± years (agerange 28.4-60) | MAPs; 6 weekly 2 hour group sessions | PBMC/Genome-wide TELiS Illumina HT12 v4 BeadArrays | <NFkB (dependent on practice dosage); >GR; >IRF ; <CREB (NS) |
| Creswell 2012 | Test effect of MM on loneliness among older adults | 40 | Waiting list | Lonely older adults; 80% female; ages 64.4±6.0 years | MBSR; 8 weekly 2 hour group sessions + retreat | PBMC/Geno me-wide TELiS Illumina HT 12 BeadChips | <NFkB (MBSR group) |
| Kaliman 2014 | To test the effect of MM on the expression of circadian, chromatic modulatory, and inflammatory genes | 40 | Leisure Time | Long-term meditators and meditation-naïve adults; 58%female; ages 50.38+8.96 years for controls; 49.89±11.18 years for meditators | 1-day mindfulness practice period formeditators (content extracted from MBSR session) | PBMC/Ficol l-Paque-plus method Sigma | <RIPK2 and <COX2 (pro-inflammatorygenes)(med itator group) |
| Lim 2018 | To test effects of MM on cognition and health among elderly, Asian participants | 60 | Health Education Program | Mildly cognitively impaired, elderly community adults; Asian; (age range 60-90) | MAPs; 12 weekly 40 min group sessions followed by 1x month for 45 min for 6 months | PBMC/Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays | Differentially expressed genes between groups were identified |
| Wang 2018 | To test effects of MM on levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its regulating microRNA-451a | 168 | TAU (mainly CBT) | Swedish outpatient adults with depression, anxiety, or stress and adjustment disorders; ages 42.2+11.0 years (age range 21-65) | MBSR/MBC T 8 weekly 2 hour group sessions | PBMC/Bead-based multiplex assay for Luminex platform (R&D Systems) | <MIF levels (both groups); >microRNA-451a levels (NS) |